在windows下使用c語言的程序以字節爲單位的內存

Question

如何在Windows上創建系統或庫調用，以瞭解運行C程序的程序的內存使用情況？

Answer 1

看看使用GetProcessMemoryInfo這個例子：

#include <windows.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <psapi.h> 

// To ensure correct resolution of symbols, add Psapi.lib to TARGETLIBS 
// and compile with -DPSAPI_VERSION=1 

void PrintMemoryInfo(DWORD processID) 
{ 
    HANDLE hProcess; 
    PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS pmc; 

    // Print the process identifier. 

    printf("\nProcess ID: %u\n", processID); 

    // Print information about the memory usage of the process. 

    hProcess = OpenProcess( PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | 
            PROCESS_VM_READ, 
            FALSE, processID); 
    if (NULL == hProcess) 
     return; 

    if (GetProcessMemoryInfo(hProcess, &pmc, sizeof(pmc))) 
    { 
     printf("\tPageFaultCount: 0x%08X\n", pmc.PageFaultCount); 
     printf("\tPeakWorkingSetSize: 0x%08X\n", 
        pmc.PeakWorkingSetSize); 
     printf("\tWorkingSetSize: 0x%08X\n", pmc.WorkingSetSize); 
     printf("\tQuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage: 0x%08X\n", 
        pmc.QuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage); 
     printf("\tQuotaPagedPoolUsage: 0x%08X\n", 
        pmc.QuotaPagedPoolUsage); 
     printf("\tQuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage: 0x%08X\n", 
        pmc.QuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage); 
     printf("\tQuotaNonPagedPoolUsage: 0x%08X\n", 
        pmc.QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage); 
     printf("\tPagefileUsage: 0x%08X\n", pmc.PagefileUsage); 
     printf("\tPeakPagefileUsage: 0x%08X\n", 
        pmc.PeakPagefileUsage); 
    } 

    CloseHandle(hProcess); 
} 

int main(void) 
{ 
    // Get the list of process identifiers. 

    DWORD aProcesses[1024], cbNeeded, cProcesses; 
    unsigned int i; 

    if (!EnumProcesses(aProcesses, sizeof(aProcesses), &cbNeeded)) 
    { 
     return 1; 
    } 

    // Calculate how many process identifiers were returned. 

    cProcesses = cbNeeded/sizeof(DWORD); 

    // Print the memory usage for each process 

    for (i = 0; i < cProcesses; i++) 
    { 
     PrintMemoryInfo(aProcesses[i]); 
    } 

    return 0; 
} 

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms682050(v=vs.85).aspx

Answer 2

這在很大程度上取決於你的意思是由該程序使用的內存的內容。只是一個明顯的例子，Windows DLL映射到幾乎所有程序的地址空間。你認爲程序使用的內存與否？如果有兩個（或更多）程序正在運行，它自己的可執行文件（以及任何DLL）通常也會映射到所有這些進程。同時，其中很大一部分可能只是地址空間 - 尚未使用的代碼可能根本無法加載到物理內存中。

所有這一切說，這裏是一個程序，將遍歷指定進程的內存塊並轉儲出有關它們的信息。根據進程所使用的內存的含義，您可能（例如）正在尋找標記爲Private的塊。

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN 
#include <windows.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 

unsigned long usage; 

void show_modules(HANDLE process) { 

    unsigned char *p = NULL; 
    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION info; 

    for (p = NULL; 
     VirtualQueryEx(process, p, &info, sizeof(info)) == sizeof(info); 
     p += info.RegionSize) 
    { 
     printf("%#10.10x (%6uK)\t", info.BaseAddress, info.RegionSize/1024); 

     switch (info.State) { 
     case MEM_COMMIT: 
      printf("Committed"); 
      break; 
     case MEM_RESERVE: 
      printf("Reserved"); 
      break; 
     case MEM_FREE: 
      printf("Free"); 
      break; 
     } 
     printf("\t"); 
     switch (info.Type) { 
     case MEM_IMAGE: 
      printf("Code Module"); 
      break; 
     case MEM_MAPPED: 
      printf("Mapped  "); 
      break; 
     case MEM_PRIVATE: 
      printf("Private "); 
     } 
     printf("\t"); 

     if ((info.State == MEM_COMMIT) && (info.Type == MEM_PRIVATE)) 
      usage +=info.RegionSize; 

     int guard = 0, nocache = 0; 

     if (info.AllocationProtect & PAGE_NOCACHE) 
      nocache = 1; 
     if (info.AllocationProtect & PAGE_GUARD) 
      guard = 1; 

     info.AllocationProtect &= ~(PAGE_GUARD | PAGE_NOCACHE); 

     switch (info.AllocationProtect) { 
     case PAGE_READONLY: 
      printf("Read Only"); 
      break; 
     case PAGE_READWRITE: 
      printf("Read/Write"); 
      break; 
     case PAGE_WRITECOPY: 
      printf("Copy on Write"); 
      break; 
     case PAGE_EXECUTE: 
      printf("Execute only"); 
      break; 
     case PAGE_EXECUTE_READ: 
      printf("Execute/Read"); 
      break; 
     case PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE: 
      printf("Execute/Read/Write"); 
      break; 
     case PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY: 
      printf("COW Executable"); 
      break; 
     } 

     if (guard) 
      printf("\tguard page"); 
     if (nocache) 
      printf("\tnon-cachable"); 
     printf("\n"); 
    } 
} 

int main(int argc, char **argv) { 

    int pid; 

    if (argc != 2) { 
     fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <process ID>", argv[0]); 
     return 1; 
    } 

    sscanf(argv[1], "%i", &pid); 

    HANDLE process = OpenProcess( 
     PROCESS_VM_READ | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, 
     false, 
     pid); 

    show_modules(process); 
    printf("Total memory used: %luKB\n", usage/1024); 
    return 0; 
}