SQL Server：現有數據的外鍵問題

Question

我有權訪問數據庫並希望使用Visual Studio 2015 SQL工具將其複製到本地PC（使用模式和數據）。

我複製架構，數據庫有2個表：Menus（MenuId是主鍵）和UsersMenuPlans（Breakfast是外鍵MenuId，約束有名字FK__UsersMenu__Break__0307610B）。

但是，當我嘗試複製數據，我得到一個錯誤：

Microsoft Visual Studio

The target database could not be updated because of the following error:

.Net SqlClient Data Provider:
Msg 547, Level 16, State 0, Line 37
The ALTER TABLE statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK__UsersMenu__Break__0307610B". The conflict occurred in database "MealGenius", table "dbo.Menus", column 'MenuId'.

Last executed command: DECLARE @pv binary(16)

INSERT INTO [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] ([UserMenuPlanId], [UserId], [Date], [Breakfast], [MidMorningSnack], [Lunch], [MidAfternoonSnack], [Dinner], [MidNightSnack], [BreakfastShort], [LunchShort], [DinnerShort], [Dessert], [GreenDrink], [Probiotic], [Snack1Short], [Snack2Short]) VALUES (33522, 59, '20160801 00:00:00.000', 823, 536, 155, 943, 920, 536, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NU (Command was truncated to fit in message box.)

據我瞭解，在UsersMenuPlans一些記錄有值Breakfast，這不Menus表，MenuId列存在，因此SQL工具不能複製它。怎麼可能？本地服務器上

菜單表具有完全相同的數據，遠程服務器上：

遠程服務器是Microsoft SQL Server 2012中 - 11.0.5058.0（X64），局部爲Microsoft SQL Server 2014（ SP1-CU7）（KB3162659） - 12.0.4459.0（X64）

Script是：上線上發生

SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF 
GO 
SET XACT_ABORT, ANSI_PADDING, ANSI_WARNINGS, CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL, ARITHABORT, QUOTED_IDENTIFIER, ANSI_NULLS ON 
GO 

DECLARE @pv binary(16) 
BEGIN TRANSACTION 

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
     DROP CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__Break__0307610B] 
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
     DROP CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__MidMo__03FB8544] 
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
     DROP CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__Lunch__04EFA97D] 
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
     DROP CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__MidAf__05E3CDB6] 
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
     DROP CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__Dinne__06D7F1EF] 
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
     DROP CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__MidNi__07CC1628] 

SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] ON 

INSERT INTO [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] ([UserMenuPlanId], [UserId], [Date], [Breakfast], [MidMorningSnack], [Lunch], [MidAfternoonSnack], [Dinner], [MidNightSnack], [BreakfastShort], [LunchShort], [DinnerShort], [Dessert], [GreenDrink], [Probiotic], [Snack1Short], [Snack2Short]) 
VALUES (1, 77, '20090407 00:00:00.000', 32, NULL, 13, 82, 15, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) 

INSERT INTO [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] ([UserMenuPlanId], [UserId], [Date], [Breakfast], [MidMorningSnack], [Lunch], [MidAfternoonSnack], [Dinner], [MidNightSnack], [BreakfastShort], [LunchShort], [DinnerShort], [Dessert], [GreenDrink], [Probiotic], [Snack1Short], [Snack2Short]) 
VALUES (2, 77, '20090408 00:00:00.000', 32, NULL, 13, 82, 15, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) 

INSERT INTO [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] ([UserMenuPlanId], [UserId], [Date], [Breakfast], [MidMorningSnack], [Lunch], [MidAfternoonSnack], [Dinner], [MidNightSnack], [BreakfastShort], [LunchShort], [DinnerShort], [Dessert], [GreenDrink], [Probiotic], [Snack1Short], [Snack2Short]) 
VALUES (3, 77, '20090409 00:00:00.000', 12, NULL, 15, 82, 13, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) 

... 

SET IDENTITY_INSERT [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] OFF 

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
    ADD CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__Break__0307610B] 
     FOREIGN KEY ([Breakfast]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Menus] ([MenuId]) 

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
    ADD CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__MidMo__03FB8544] 
     FOREIGN KEY ([MidMorningSnack]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Menus] ([MenuId]) 

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
    ADD CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__Lunch__04EFA97D] 
     FOREIGN KEY ([Lunch]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Menus] ([MenuId]) 

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
    ADD CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__MidAf__05E3CDB6] 
     FOREIGN KEY ([MidAfternoonSnack]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Menus] ([MenuId]) 

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
    ADD CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__Dinne__06D7F1EF] 
     FOREIGN KEY ([Dinner]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Menus] ([MenuId]) 

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
    ADD CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__MidNi__07CC1628] 
     FOREIGN KEY ([MidNightSnack]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Menus] ([MenuId]) 

COMMIT TRANSACTION 

錯誤：

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UsersMenuPlans] 
    ADD CONSTRAINT [FK__UsersMenu__Break__0307610B] 
     FOREIGN KEY ([Breakfast]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Menus] ([MenuId]) 

錯誤是：

Msg 547, Level 16, State 0, Line 380
The ALTER TABLE statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK__UsersMenu__Break__0307610B". The conflict occurred in database "MealGenius", table "dbo.Menus", column 'MenuId'.

ADDED

我已經執行的腳本：

SELECT p.Breakfast, m.MenuId FROM [UsersMenuPlans] p LEFT OUTER JOIN Menus m on p.Breakfast = m.MenuId where m.MenuId is null 

，正如我所料，存在着一些記錄（其中p。早餐是'0'值）。但是如何啓用外鍵可以存在這樣的表？

Answer 1

您已經獲得了FK打算執行的UsersMenuPlans表中的數據。

您現有的數據已經違反了FK__UsersMenu__Break__0307610B強加的關鍵約束，因此無法創建約束。這些現有行上的breakfast列很可能是NULL，或者與Menus表中的有效MenuId不匹配。

您需要處理該數據。首先創建約束將無濟於事，因爲問題會因爲約束而成爲數據不會插入的問題。

真正的問題可能是菜單表完全沒有填充，這就解釋了爲什麼參考值不存在。在這種情況下，真正的解決方案是導入菜單表FIRST。

Answer 2

我會建議您只需要備份數據庫並將其恢復到LocalDB實例中。這會少一些痛苦。

如果你想看看這UserMenuPlans行沒有行Menus嘗試像

SELECT * 
FROM UsersMenusPlans P 
LEFT JOIN Menus M ON P.Breakfast = M.MenuId 
WHERE M.MenuId IS NULL