在畫布上的GUI遊戲中創建不同的屏幕？

Question

這就是我到目前爲止所做的，我正在製作一個有角色的遊戲（現在它只是一個圓圈），並且必須通過遊戲才能完成遊戲，而不必觸摸牆壁。它會逐漸變得越來越難，因爲你可以看到第一個層次，你不會真的做得太多。我不知道該怎麼做的是創建一個帶有遊戲標題和開始按鈕以及指令按鈕的「開始」屏幕，同時仍然是600x600的畫布。我環顧四周，並且正在使用的框架和類大多數情況下，但我也讀過一些你不應該使用.pack with .grid的地方？如果任何人都可以給我一個想法，甚至可以製作一個屏幕，我相信我可以將其餘部分拼湊在一起，這將是不勝感激！

from Tkinter import * 


'''global for all three levels''' 

root=Tk() 
root.wm_title("Game title") 
canvas = Canvas(root, width=600, height=600, bg = 'white') 
canvas.grid() 

circle = canvas.create_oval(280, 280, 300, 300, fill = 'purple') 
dx, dy = 0, 0 

def move(e): 
    global dx, dy 
    if e.keysym == 'Left': 
     dx, dy = -5, 0 
    elif e.keysym == 'Right': 
     dx, dy = 5, 0 
    elif e.keysym == 'Up': 
     dx, dy = 0, -5 
    elif e.keysym == 'Down': 
     dx, dy = 0, 5 
    elif e.keysym == 's': 
     dx, dy = 0,0 

def animate(): 
    x1, y1, x2, y2 = canvas.coords(circle) 
    canvas.coords(circle, x1 + dx, y1 + dy, x2 + dx, y2 + dy) 
    canvas.after(100, animate)  

root.bind('<Left>', move) 
root.bind('<Right>', move) 
root.bind('<Up>', move) 
root.bind('<Down>', move) 
animate() 


#class main_Screen()   

#start button, instructions button, want it to be 600x600 same as level screens    



#class levels() 

    #def level_One() 

     #wall1 = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 650, 200, fill='#00ff00') 
     #wall2 = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 400, 650, 600, fill='#00ff00') 


    #def level_Two(): 

     #canvas.create_rectangle(500, 0, 600, 600, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(490, 600, 500, 0, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(400, 90, 490, 360, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(440, 40, 0, 0, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(260, 40, 350, 210, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(60, 90, 210, 240, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 10, 310, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(0, 290, 120, 600, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(400, 600, 440, 410, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(440, 410, 270, 500, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(490, 360, 220, 260, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(220, 260, 170, 560, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(170, 560, 210, 240, fill = '#000000') 
     #canvas.create_rectangle(350, 560, 220, 550, fill = '#000000') 



    #def level_Three() 


root.mainloop() 

Answer 1

您應該能夠使用以下代碼作爲在遊戲中使用不同「屏幕」的基礎。基本上，您將所有要使用的框架堆疊在一起，然後使用在您想要看到的框架上輸入frame.tkraise()的命令。

import Tkinter as tk # Import the Tkinter library 
root = tk.Tk() 

top_level_container = tk.Frame(root) # Set up the null top level container 
top_level_container.pack() 

# These are where you delcare all of the frames you wish to switch between 
main_frame = tk.Frame(top_level_container) 
game_frame = tk.Frame(top_level_container) 

# Stack all of these frame on top of each other 
for frame in (main_frame, game_frame): 
    frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='news', padx=0, pady=0) 


def switch_main(): # Bring the main frame to the front 
    main_frame.tkraise() 


def switch_game(): # Bring the game frame to the front 
    game_frame.tkraise() 

switch_main() # Start with the main frame in front 

# Create the contents of the main frame 
main_text = tk.Label(main_frame, text="This is the main screen") 
main_text.pack() 
main_button = tk.Button(main_frame, text="Switch screens", 
         command=switch_game, background="blue") 
main_button.pack() 

# Create the contents of the game frame 
game_text = tk.Label(game_frame, text="This is the game screen") 
game_text.pack() 
game_button = tk.Button(game_frame, text="Switch screens", 
         command=switch_main, background="green") 
game_button.pack() 

root.mainloop() # Execute the main event handler