如何在Tkinter中創建一個20x20的網格網格，然後更改特定網格的顏色

Question

我正在使用的一個項目使用tkinter製作一個遊戲板，我從未使用過tkinter並且不確定如何完成我想要的是。

我用canvas.createRectangle（）製作了一個20x20的正方形棋盤。但我無法改變指定作品的顏色（比方說第8行和第12列的作品）。

我需要一種方法來更改特定的瓷磚填充顏色，並且希望此功能能夠取任何座標並將顏色更改爲指定的任何顏色。

如果有比使用createRectangle更好的方法，請讓我知道！

我試圖做的是在每個矩形上設置標籤，但我無法弄清楚如何使用標籤來引用每個矩形。

這是我到目前爲止有：

#imports 
from tkinter import * 

#-------------- SET UP THE WINDOW FRAME -------------------------------- 
class launchScreen(Frame): 
    #set the initial size of the window please change width and height 
    #it uses these values to determine the window size 
    #if you are on a resolution that is not 1920x1080 

    def __init__(self, master=None, width=0.5, height=0.4): 
     Frame.__init__(self, master) 
     #pack the frame to cover the whole window 
     self.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=YES) 

     # get screen width and height 
     ws = self.master.winfo_screenwidth() 
     hs = self.master.winfo_screenheight() 

     w = ws*width 
     h = ws*height 
     # calculate position x, y 
     x = (ws/2) - (w/2) 
     y = (hs/2) - (h/2) 
     self.master.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (w, h, x, y)) 

     #Make the screen appear on top of everything. 
     self.master.overrideredirect(True) 
     self.lift() 
#Once it has launched do everything in Main 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
    root = Tk() 
    #set the title of the applicaton window 
    root.title('Blokus') 

#--------------------- GAME STARTED ---------------------------------------- 
    def gameStart(): 

     print("Game Started") 
     #get rid of the launch screen elemenets and show the game board 
     LaunchScrn.pack_forget() 

     #this is where the 20x20 grid is made 
     #set up the view of the game board 
     def board(view): 
      w=view.winfo_width() 
      h=view.winfo_height() 
      gridWidth = w/20 
      gridHeight = h/20 
      rowNumber = 0 
      for row in range(20): 
       columnNumber = 0 
       rowNumber = rowNumber + 1 
       for col in range(20): 
         columnNumber = columnNumber + 1 
         rect = view.create_rectangle(col * gridWidth, 
         row * gridHeight, 
         (col + 1) * gridWidth, 
         (row + 1) * gridHeight, 
         fill = '#ccc') 
         #Sets row, column 
         view.itemconfig(rect, tags=(str(rowNumber), str(columnNumber))) 


     #set up the canvas for the game board grid 
     viewCanvas = Canvas(root, width=root.winfo_width(), height=root.winfo_height(),bg="#ddd") 
     viewCanvas.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH,padx=1,pady=1) 

     #when you click on the gameboard this event fires 
     def clickOnGameBoard(event): 
      if viewCanvas.find_withtag(CURRENT): 
       print(viewCanvas.gettags(CURRENT)) 
       print(type(viewCanvas.gettags(CURRENT))) 
       viewCanvas.itemconfig(CURRENT, fill="yellow") 
       viewCanvas.update_idletasks() 
     #bind an event when you click on the game board 
     viewCanvas.bind("<Button-1>", clickOnGameBoard) 

     #update the game board after it is done being drawn. 
     root.update_idletasks() 

     #show the gameboard in the Canvas 
     board(viewCanvas) 

     #when you click the quit button it returns you to the launch screen 
     def clickToQuit(event): 
      viewCanvas.destroy() 
      label.pack_forget() 
      LaunchScrn.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=YES) 

     #sets up the button for the quit 
     quitPath = "images/exit.gif" 
     quitImg = PhotoImage(file=quitPath) 
     label = Label(root, image=quitImg) 
     label.image = quitImg # you need to cache this image or it's garbage collected 
     #binds clicking this label to the quit event 
     label.bind("<Button-1>",clickToQuit) 
     label.pack(side=LEFT) 

#------------ GAME ENDED -------------------- 
    def gameEnd(): 
     #quits the game 
     def quitGame(): 
      print("Game Ended") 
      LaunchScrn.after(3000,root.destroy()) 
     quitGame() 

#---------------------------- LAUNCH SCREEN -------------------------------------------- 
    LaunchScrn = launchScreen(root) 
    LaunchScrn.config(bg="#eee") 

    b=Button(LaunchScrn, command=gameStart) 
    photo2=PhotoImage(file="images/start.gif") 
    b.config(image=photo2, width="300", height="50") 
    b.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=X, padx=10, pady=10) 

    b=Button(LaunchScrn, command=gameEnd) 
    photo4=PhotoImage(file="images/quit.gif") 
    b.config(image=photo4, width="300", height="50") 
    b.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=X, padx=10, pady=10) 

    root.mainloop() 

，展示遊戲中板：

1. 啓動蟒蛇文件
2. 點擊右邊按鈕（這兩個按鈕是空白）
3. 你正在看遊戲板。

有關代碼重要信息：

• 這是一個任務，所以我不得不刪除了很多其他的代碼，但是這應該足以說明我需要幫助解決。
• 此GUI僅在1920x1080分辨率下正確顯示，但可通過更改寬度和高度值進行更改。 （這與問題無關，但如果您想爲自己的測試運行它會有所幫助。）
• 我在按鈕上使用的圖像已被刪除
• 右側的按鈕顯示了遊戲板
• 左邊的按鈕可關閉遊戲
• 是無法被縮放的事實是沒有問題

在此先感謝這麼多，任何人可以幫助！

Answer 1

這裏是更新的代碼：

#imports 
from tkinter import * 

#-------------- SET UP THE WINDOW FRAME -------------------------------- 
class launchScreen(Frame): 
    #set the initial size of the window please change width and height 
    #it uses these values to determine the window size 
    #if you are on a resolution that is not 1920x1080 

    def __init__(self, master=None, width=0.5, height=0.4): 
     Frame.__init__(self, master) 
     #pack the frame to cover the whole window 
     self.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=YES) 

     # get screen width and height 
     ws = self.master.winfo_screenwidth() 
     hs = self.master.winfo_screenheight() 

     w = ws*width 
     h = ws*height 
     # calculate position x, y 
     x = (ws/2) - (w/2) 
     y = (hs/2) - (h/2) 
     self.master.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (w, h, x, y)) 

     #Make the screen appear on top of everything. 
     self.master.overrideredirect(True) 
     self.lift() 
#Once it has launched do everything in Main 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
    root = Tk() 
    #set the title of the applicaton window 
    root.title('Blokus') 
    coordinate={} 
    def changecolor(row, column, canvas): 
     canvas.itemconfig(coordinate[(row, column)], fill='yellow') 

#--------------------- GAME STARTED ---------------------------------------- 
    def gameStart(): 
     global coordinate 
     print("Game Started") 
     #get rid of the launch screen elemenets and show the game board 
     LaunchScrn.pack_forget() 

     #this is where the 20x20 grid is made 
     #set up the view of the game board 
     def board(view): 
      coordinate={} 
      w=view.winfo_width() 
      h=view.winfo_height() 
      gridWidth = w/20 
      gridHeight = h/20 
      rowNumber = 0 
      for row in range(20): 
       columnNumber = 0 
       rowNumber = rowNumber + 1 
       for col in range(20): 
         columnNumber = columnNumber + 1 
         rect = view.create_rectangle(col * gridWidth, 
         row * gridHeight, 
         (col + 1) * gridWidth, 
         (row + 1) * gridHeight, 
         fill = '#ccc') 
         #Sets row, column 
         view.itemconfig(rect, tags=(str(rowNumber), str(columnNumber))) 
         coordinate[(row,col)]=rect 
      return coordinate 

     #set up the canvas for the game board grid 
     viewCanvas = Canvas(root, width=root.winfo_width(), height=root.winfo_height(),bg="#ddd") 
     viewCanvas.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH,padx=1,pady=1) 

     #when you click on the gameboard this event fires 
     def clickOnGameBoard(event): 
      if viewCanvas.find_withtag(CURRENT): 
       print(viewCanvas.gettags(CURRENT)) 
       print(type(viewCanvas.gettags(CURRENT))) 
       viewCanvas.itemconfig(CURRENT, fill="yellow") 
       viewCanvas.update_idletasks() 
     #bind an event when you click on the game board 
     viewCanvas.bind("<Button-1>", clickOnGameBoard) 

     #update the game board after it is done being drawn. 
     root.update_idletasks() 

     #show the gameboard in the Canvas 
     coordinate=board(viewCanvas) 
     changecolor(1, 2, viewCanvas) 

     #when you click the quit button it returns you to the launch screen 
     def clickToQuit(event): 
      viewCanvas.destroy() 
      label.pack_forget() 
      LaunchScrn.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=YES) 

     #sets up the button for the quit 
     quitPath = "images/exit.gif" 
     quitImg = PhotoImage(file=quitPath) 
     label = Label(root, image=quitImg) 
     label.image = quitImg # you need to cache this image or it's garbage collected 
     #binds clicking this label to the quit event 
     label.bind("<Button-1>",clickToQuit) 
     label.pack(side=LEFT) 




#------------ GAME ENDED -------------------- 
    def gameEnd(): 
     #quits the game 
     def quitGame(): 
      print("Game Ended") 
      LaunchScrn.after(3000,root.destroy()) 
     quitGame() 

#---------------------------- LAUNCH SCREEN -------------------------------------------- 
    LaunchScrn = launchScreen(root) 
    LaunchScrn.config(bg="#eee") 

    b=Button(LaunchScrn,text='start', command=gameStart) 
    #photo2=PhotoImage(file="images/start.gif") 
    #b.config(image=photo2, width="300", height="50") 
    b.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=X, padx=10, pady=10) 

    b=Button(LaunchScrn, text='end',command=gameEnd) 
    #photo4=PhotoImage(file="images/quit.gif") 
    #b.config(image=photo4, width="300", height="50") 
    b.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=X, padx=10, pady=10) 

    root.mainloop() 

基本上，我定義了一個名爲changecolor功能。我還在第88行舉了一個這個函數的例子。關於訪問瓷磚的問題，我在board函數中添加了兩行，以便它將所有創建的瓷磚存儲在字典中。該字典的鍵是一個元組(row, column)，從零開始。另外，因爲我沒有用於按鈕的圖片，所以我將它們更改爲文本，以便我可以運行該腳本。隨意改回他們。