C++：從main創建函數（）

Question

Whats up world！我剛剛被介紹到C++的功能，但我有一個工作程序（完全運行在main(){}）並將其分解成可用函數的問題。我認爲這是令我困惑的cin。首先是我的原始工作代碼，然後我正在嘗試使用它。

#include <iostream> 
#include <iomanip> 

using namespace std; 

int main() 
{ 
    int year, month, day; 
    char c; 
    bool validInput = false; 
    while ((cin) && !validInput) 
    { 
     cout << "Enter a date in the form YYYY-MM-DD: " << flush; 
     cin >> year >> c >> month >> c >> day; 

     // Check to see if this is a valid date 

     // The Gregorian calendar began On Oct 15, 1582. Earlier dates 
     // are invalid. 
     if (year < 1582) 
      validInput= false; 
     else if (year == 1582 && month < 10) 
      validInput = false; 
     else if (year == 1582 && month == 10 && day < 15) 
      validInput = false; 

     // Months must be in the range 1..12 
     else if (month < 1 || month > 12) 
      validInput = false; 

     // Days must be in the range 1..K where K is the number of 
     // days in that month. 
     else 
     { 
      int numberOfDaysInMonth = 0; 
      switch (month) 
      { 
      case 1: 
      case 3: 
      case 5: 
      case 7: 
      case 8: 
      case 10: 
      case 12: 
       numberOfDaysInMonth = 31; 
       break; 

      case 4: 
      case 6: 
      case 9: 
      case 11: 
       numberOfDaysInMonth = 30; 
       break; 

      case 2: 
       if (((year % 4 == 0) && (year % 100 != 0)) 
         || (year % 400 == 0)) 
        numberOfDaysInMonth = 29; 
       else 
        numberOfDaysInMonth = 28; 
      } 

      if (day < 1 || day > numberOfDaysInMonth) 
       validInput = false; 
      else 
       validInput = true; 
     } 

     if (!validInput) 
     { 
      cout << "Sorry, that is not a valid date" << endl; 
      string garbage; 
      getline (cin, garbage); // discard the rest ofthe input line 
     } 
    } 
    if (!cin) 
    { 
     cout << "Could not obtain valid input." << endl; 
     return -1; 
    } 


    // Input is valid - compute the day number 


    // Add up the number of days in all earlier months 
    // of this year 
    int sum = 0; 
    for (int m = 1; m < month; ++m) 
    { 
     int monthLength = 0; 
     switch (m) 
     { 
     case 1: 
     case 3: 
     case 5: 
     case 7: 
     case 8: 
     case 10: 
     case 12: 
      monthLength = 31; 
      break; 

     case 4: 
     case 6: 
     case 9: 
     case 11: 
      monthLength = 30; 
      break; 

     case 2: 
      if (((year % 4 == 0) && (year % 100 != 0)) 
        || (year % 400 == 0)) 
       monthLength = 29; 
      else 
       monthLength = 28; 
     } 

     sum += monthLength; 
    } 

    // Then add the day number to that sum 
    int dayNum = sum + day; 

    cout << setw(2) << setfill('0') << month 
     << "/" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << day << "/" 
     << setw(4) << year; 
    cout << " is day #" << dayNum << " of that year." << endl; 

    return 0; 
} 

Answer 1

好的，我不打算在這裏重寫你的程序，而只是骨架。

主要功能是將會是什麼樣的：

int main() 
{ 
    int year, month, day; 
    bool validInput = false; 
    while ((cin) && !validInput) 
    { 
     cout << "Enter a date in the form YYYY-MM-DD: " << flush; 
     cin >> year >> c >> month >> c >> day; 

     validInput= dateIsValid(year, month, day); 
     if (!validInput) 
     { 
      cout << "Sorry, that is not a valid date" << endl; 
      string garbage; 
      getline (cin, garbage); // discard the rest ofthe input line 
     } 
     else 
     { 
      int numberOfDaysInMonth = daysInMonth(month); 
      cout << "There are " << numberOfDaysInMonth << " days in this month.\n"; 

      //... 
     } 
    } 

    return 0; 
} 

注意函數調用，調用傳遞它需要的括號內，然後如果該函數返回一個值，你可以在所有參數的功能它分配給一個變量，後來就用它來輸出...

的功能將類似於：

bool dateIsValid(const int year, const int month, const int day) 
{ 
    bool isValid = true; 
    //all the ifs and stuff here 
    // if (date is invalid) 
    //  isValid = false; 

    return isValid; 
} 

注意，我們必須明確地retur在C/C++編譯器中，該值不會使用與函數名稱相同的變量作爲返回值。

我希望這會有所幫助。