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我已經使用Spring STS和xml配置文件spring-context.xml創建了一個spring遺留項目。我想使用JUnit（運行方式> Maven的測試）來測試我的DAO類，但我得到以下錯誤：Spring Maven JUnit NoClassDefFoundError：org/springframework/context/ApplicationContextException
initializationError(net.mozaikdev.samples.dao.test.AddressDAOTest) Time elapsed: 0.006 sec <<< ERROR!
org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/context/ApplicationContextException
at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:177)
at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:123)
at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:146)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.resolveContextLoader(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:467)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:357)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildMergedContextConfiguration(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:303)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.buildTestContext(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:109)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:135)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:120)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTestContextManager(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:151)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:142)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86)
at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.execute(JUnit4Provider.java:250)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:141)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:112)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethodWithArray(ReflectionUtils.java:189)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ProviderProxy.invoke(ProviderFactory.java:165)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory.invokeProvider(ProviderFactory.java:85)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:115)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:75)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/context/ApplicationContextException
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader.<init>(DelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:63)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:165)
... 32 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 38 more
我不明白爲什麼我得到這個異常，因爲我已經宣佈我的pom.xml依賴於彈簧背景：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>net.mozaikdev</groupId>
<artifactId>eshop-sample-spring-legacy</artifactId>
<name>eshop-sample-spring-legacy</name>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0.0-BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>repository.spring.release</id>
<name>Spring GA Repository</name>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/release</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>repository.spring.milestone</id>
<name>Spring Milestone Repository</name>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<properties>
<java-version>1.8</java-version>
<org.springframework-version>5.0.0.RC3</org.springframework-version>
<org.hibernate-version>5.2.10.Final</org.hibernate-version>
<org.aspectj-version>1.8.10</org.aspectj-version>
<org.slf4j-version>1.7.25</org.slf4j-version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
<exclusions>
<!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${org.hibernate-version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MariaDB Connector J -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId>
<artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- HikariCP connection pool -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
<artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
<version>2.7.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
這裏是我的JUnit測試：
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:application-context.xml")
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class AddressDAOTest {
@Autowired
private AddressDAO addressDAO;
private static final String STREET_1 = "street_1";
private static final String STREET_2 = "street_2";
private static final Integer ZIP_CODE = new Integer(1234);
private static final String CITY = "city";
private static final String REGION = "region";
private static final String COUNTRY = "country";
private static final Boolean IS_DELIVERY_ADDRESS = new Boolean(false);
@Test
@Transactional
@Rollback(value = true)
public void testPersistAndFindById() {
Address address = new Address();
address.setStreet_1(STREET_1);
address.setStreet_2(STREET_2);
address.setZipCode(ZIP_CODE);
address.setCity(CITY);
address.setRegion(REGION);
address.setCountry(COUNTRY);
address.setIsDeliveryAddress(IS_DELIVERY_ADDRESS);
addressDAO.persist(address);
Long id = address.getId();
address = addressDAO.findById(id);
Assert.assertEquals(STREET_1, address.getStreet_1());
Assert.assertEquals(STREET_2, address.getStreet_2());
Assert.assertEquals(ZIP_CODE, address.getZipCode());
Assert.assertEquals(CITY, address.getCity());
Assert.assertEquals(REGION, address.getRegion());
Assert.assertEquals(COUNTRY, address.getCountry());
Assert.assertEquals(IS_DELIVERY_ADDRESS, address.getIsDeliveryAddress());
}
@Test
@Transactional
@Rollback(value = true)
public void testFindAll() {
Address address1 = new Address();
address1.setStreet_1(STREET_1);
address1.setStreet_2(STREET_2);
address1.setZipCode(ZIP_CODE);
address1.setCity(CITY);
address1.setRegion(REGION);
address1.setCountry(COUNTRY);
address1.setIsDeliveryAddress(IS_DELIVERY_ADDRESS);
Address address2 = new Address();
address2.setStreet_1(STREET_1_UPDATE);
address2.setStreet_2(STREET_2_UPDATE);
address2.setZipCode(ZIP_CODE_UPDATE);
address2.setCity(CITY_UPDATE);
address2.setRegion(REGION_UPDATE);
address2.setCountry(COUNTRY_UPDATE);
address2.setIsDeliveryAddress(IS_DELIVERY_ADDRESS_UPDATE);
addressDAO.persist(address1);
addressDAO.persist(address2);
List<Address> addressesList = addressDAO.findAll();
Assert.assertNotNull(addressesList);
Assert.assertTrue(addressesList.size() >= 2);
Assert.assertTrue(addressesList.contains(address1));
Assert.assertTrue(addressesList.contains(address2));
}
}
最後的application-context.xml FIL E：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- Enable annotation configuration -->
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- Scan packages for Spring annotations -->
<context:component-scan base-package="net.mozaikdev.samples.dao" />
<context:component-scan base-package="net.mozaikdev.samples.dao.test" />
<!-- Database connection configuration -->
<bean id="hikariConfig" class="com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariConfig">
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${spring.datasource.jdbcUrl}"/>
<property name="driverClassName" value="${spring.datasource.driverClassName}"/>
<property name="username" value="${spring.datasource.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${spring.datasource.password}"/>
<property name="poolName" value="${spring.datasource.hikari.poolName}"/>
<property name="connectionTimeout" value="${spring.datasource.hikari.connectionTimeout}"/>
<property name="maximumPoolSize" value="${spring.datasource.hikari.maximumPoolSize}"/>
<property name="idleTimeout" value="${spring.datasource.hikari.idleTimeout}"/>
<property name="connectionTestQuery" value="${spring.datasource.hikari.connectionTestQuery}"/>
<property name="maxLifetime" value="${spring.datasource.hikari.maxLifetime}"/>
</bean>
<!-- HikariCP datasource bean -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="hikariConfig"/>
</bean>
<!-- Enables annotation-driven transaction management. -->
<tx:annotation-driven/>
<!--
Creates the transaction manager bean that integrates the used JPA provider with the
Spring transaction mechanism.
-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!-- Specifies the default settings that are compatible with Hibernate. -->
<bean id="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
<!-- Creates the Hibernate entity manager factory bean -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="hibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
<property name="packagesToScan" value="net.mozaikdev.samples.domain"/>
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">${spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.generate_statistics">${spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.generate_statistics}</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Enable support for annotation-driven Spring MVC controllers -->
<!-- <mvc:annotation-driven/> -->
我已清理使用運行我的項目爲> Maven的清潔和項目>清潔...，我更新了項目的Maven>更新項目但沒有任何工程。我現在卡住了，如果有人可以幫我解決這個異常，那會很好嗎？
在此先感謝。
謝謝你的回答，我剛剛編輯了我的文章，並添加了pom.xml，並且聲明瞭spring-context依賴項，所以我不明白是什麼問題... –