在兩個給定的日期之間的bash循環

Question

我試圖創建一個腳本，它將通過文件以下列格式寫入文件：yyyymmdd.hh.filename。

該腳本調用：

./loopscript.sh 20091026.00 23 
./loopscript.sh 20091026.11 15 
./loopscript.sh 20091026.09 20091027.17 

需要的是對腳本來檢查這兩個指定的日期/小時之間的每個小時。

例如

cat 20091026.00.filename |more 
cat 20091026.01.filename |more 
... 
cat 20091026.23.filename |more 
cat 20091027.01.filename |more 
cat 20091027.02.filename |more 
... 

等等。

任何想法該怎麼辦？我對標準的0 - x循環沒有任何困難。或簡單的循環。只是不知道如何去上述。

Answer 1

要處理兩個給定日期/小時之間的每個文件，可以使用以下命令：

#!/usr/bin/bash 
#set -x 

usage() { 
    echo 'Usage: loopscript.sh <from> <to>' 
    echo '  <from> MUST be yyyymmdd.hh or empty, meaning 00000000.00' 
    echo '  <to> can be shorter and is affected by <from>' 
    echo '   e.g., 20091026.00  27.01 becomes' 
    echo '    20091026.00 20091027.01' 
    echo '   If empty, it is set to 99999999.99' 
    echo 'Arguments were:' 
    echo " '${from}'" 
    echo " '${to}'" 
} 

# Check parameters. 

from="00000000.00" 
to="99999999.99" 
if [[ ! -z "$1" ]] ; then 
    from=$1 
fi 
if [[ ! -z "$2" ]] ; then 
    to=$2 
fi 
## Insert this to default to rest-of-day when first argument 
## but no second argument. Basically just sets second 
## argument to 23 so it will be transformed to end-of-day. 
#if [[ ! -z "$1"]] ; then 
# if [[ -z "$2"]] ; then 
#  to=23 
# fi 
#fi 

if [[ ${#from} -ne 11 || ${#to} -gt 11 ]] ; then 
    usage 
    exit 1 
fi 

# Sneaky code to modify a short "to" based on the start of "from". 
# ${#from} is the length of ${from}. 
# $((${#from}-${#to})) is the length difference between ${from} and ${to} 
# ${from:0:$((${#from}-${#to}))} is the start of ${from} long enough 
# to make ${to} the same length. 
# ${from:0:$((${#from}-${#to}))}${to} is that with ${to} appended. 
# Voila! Easy, no? 

if [[ ${#to} -lt ${#from} ]] ; then 
    to=${from:0:$((${#from}-${#to}))}${to} 
fi 

# Process all files, checking that they're inside the range. 

echo "From ${from} to ${to}" 
for file in [0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9].[0-9][0-9].* ; do 
    if [[ ! (${file:0:11} < ${from} || ${file:0:11} > ${to}) ]] ; then 
     echo " ${file}" 
    fi 
done 

當您創建的文件20091026.00.${RANDOM}通過20091028.23.${RANDOM}包括，這是一對樣品運行：

pax> ./loopscript.sh 20091026.07 9 
From 20091026.07 to 20091026.09 
    20091026.07.21772 
    20091026.08.31390 
    20091026.09.9214 
pax> ./loopscript.sh 20091027.21 28.02 
From 20091027.21 to 20091028.02 
    20091027.21.22582 
    20091027.22.30063 
    20091027.23.29437 
    20091028.00.14744 
    20091028.01.6827 
    20091028.02.10366 
pax> ./loopscript.sh 00000000.00 99999999.99 # or just leave off the parameters. 
    20091026.00.25772 
    20091026.01.25964 
    20091026.02.21132 
    20091026.03.3116 
    20091026.04.6271 
    20091026.05.14870 
    20091026.06.28826 
    : : : 
    20091028.17.20089 
    20091028.18.13816 
    20091028.19.7650 
    20091028.20.20927 
    20091028.21.13248 
    20091028.22.9125 
    20091028.23.7870 

正如你所看到的，第一個參數必須是正確的格式yyyymmdd.hh。第二個參數可以更短，因爲它繼承了第一個參數的開始，使其成爲正確的長度。

這隻會嘗試處理存在（從ls）和正確格式的文件，而不是每個日期/小時範圍內的文件。如果你有稀疏文件（包括範圍的開始和結尾），這將更有效率，因爲它不需要檢查文件是否存在。

順便說一句，這是創建的測試文件的命令，如果你有興趣：

pax> for dt in 20091026 20091027 20091028 ; do 
     for tm in 00 01 02 ... you get the idea ... 21 22 23 ; do 
      touch $dt.$tm.$RANDOM 
     done 
    done 

請不要輸入，在逐字，然後抱怨說，它創建的文件，如：

20091026.you.12345 
20091028.idea.77 

我只修剪了這條線，所以它適合代碼寬度。 :-)

Answer 2

一種可能的解決方案：將日期轉換爲標準的Unix表示形式，即「從曆元開始經過的秒數」和循環，每次迭代將此數字增加3600（一小時內的秒數）。例如：

#!/bin/bash 

# Parse your input to date and hour first, so you get: 
date_from=20090911 
hour_from=10 
date_to=20091026 
hour_to=01 

i=`date --date="$date_from $hour_from:00:00" +%s` 
j=`date --date="$date_to $hour_to:00:00" +%s` 

while [[ $i < $j ]]; do 
    date -d "1970-01-01 $i sec" "+%Y%m%d.%H" 
    i=$[ $i + 3600 ] 
done 

Answer 3

如何：

#!/bin/bash 

date1=$1 
date2=$2 

#verify dates 
if ! date -d "$date1" 2>&1 > /dev/null ; 
    then echo "first date is invalid" ; exit 1 
fi 
if ! date -d "$date2" 2>&1 > /dev/null ; 
    then echo "second date is invalid" ; exit 1 
fi 

#set current and end date 
current=$(date -d "$date1") 
end=$(date -d "$date2 +1 hours") 

#loop over all dates 
while [ "$end" != "$current" ] 
do 
    file=$(date -d "$current" +%Y%m%d.%H) 
    cat $file."filename" | more 
    current=$(date -d "$current +1 hours") 
done