使用Django testrunner測試可重複使用的Django應用程序

Question

我想測試一個帶有自己設置模塊的小型可重用應用程序。全局（項目）設置可在應用程序設置中訪問，以支持變量的覆蓋，例如，

# in <my_app>/settings.py 
from django.conf import settings 
MY_SETTING_VAR = getattr(settings, 'MY_OVERRIDDEN_VAR', False) 

當我運行manage.py測試MYAPP我得到的測試如下：

ImportError: Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is undefined.

什麼是運行在這種情況下測試的正確方法？

Answer 1

我不知道，我測試你貼什麼和它的工作對我來說：

<<< 12:18.25 Fri Feb 24 2012!~/testproject 
<<< jpic@germaine!10019 env 
>>> ./manage.py test testapp     
Creating test database for alias 'default'... 
Destroying old test database 'default'... 
. 
---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Ran 1 test in 0.000s 

OK 
Destroying test database for alias 'default'... 
<<< 12:18.27 Fri Feb 24 2012!~/testproject 
<<< jpic@germaine!10020 env 
>>> cat testapp/tests.py 
from django.test import TestCase 

from .settings import * 

class SomeTestCase(TestCase): 
    def testSomething(self): 
     self.assertEqual(MY_SETTING_VAR, 'default') 
<<< 12:18.30 Fri Feb 24 2012!~/testproject 
<<< jpic@germaine!10021 env 
>>> cat testapp/settings.py 
from django.conf import settings 
MY_SETTING_VAR = getattr(settings, 'MY_OVERRIDDEN_VAR', 'default') 

你要確保你的實際代碼匹配這個工作的代碼。

應用程序最好包含一個展示應用程序或至少允許測試的虛擬項目。例如：

<<< 12:42.56 Fri Feb 24 2012!~/testproject/testapp 
<<< jpic@germaine!10034 E:1 env 
>>> pip install -e git+git@github.com:subsume/django-subscription.git#egg=sub 
Obtaining sub from git+git@github.com:subsume/django-subscription.git#egg=sub 
    Cloning git@github.com:subsume/django-subscription.git to /home/jpic/env/src/sub 
    Running setup.py egg_info for package sub 

Installing collected packages: sub 
    Running setup.py develop for sub 

    Creating /home/jpic/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django-subscription.egg-link (link to .) 
    Removing django-subscription 0.0 from easy-install.pth file 
    Adding django-subscription 0.1 to easy-install.pth file 

    Installed /home/jpic/env/src/sub 
Successfully installed sub 
Cleaning up... 
<<< 12:43.08 Fri Feb 24 2012!~/testproject/testapp 
<<< jpic@germaine!10035 env 
<<< 12:43.11 Fri Feb 24 2012!~/testproject/testapp 
<<< jpic@germaine!10035 env 
>>> cd ../../env/src/sub 
<<< 12:43.15 Fri Feb 24 2012!~/env/src/sub 
<<< jpic@germaine!10036 G:master env 
>>> ls 
django_subscription.egg-info docs README setup.py subscription subscription_test_project 
<<< 12:43.16 Fri Feb 24 2012!~/env/src/sub 
<<< jpic@germaine!10037 G:master env 
>>> cd subscription_test_project 
<<< 12:43.20 Fri Feb 24 2012!~/env/src/sub/subscription_test_project 
<<< jpic@germaine!10038 G:master env 
>>> ./manage.py test subscription 
Creating test database for alias 'default'... 
........ 
---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Ran 8 tests in 0.012s 

OK 
Destroying test database for alias 'default'... 

Answer 2

ImportError: Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is undefined.

你得到這一點，因爲DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE是不是在你的Python環境變量...要解決你的問題，你必須把它定義爲

import os 
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = '<django_application_root>.settings' 

你可以把它添加到您的根__init__.py文件...