爲什麼我在setUp（）中創建的實體無法通過nosetests訪問？

Question

我仍然無法使鼻子測試正常運行。 從命令行啓動時，dev_appserver運行良好，但是當我嘗試從functional_tests.py啓動時，它失敗。

我在setUp（）中創建了一個Client實體，但它不能從測試中訪問。

如何在測試中啓動dev_appserver時進入pdb調試器？
我試圖把pdb（）斷點放在代碼中。代碼停止執行時，我無法進入調試器。我甚至不確定如何看到輸出。

$ nosetests

INFO  2015-02-24 19:08:56,172 devappserver2.py:726] Skipping SDK update check.  
INFO  2015-02-24 19:08:56,242 api_server.py:172] Starting API server at: http://localhost:62049  
INFO  2015-02-24 19:08:56,247 dispatcher.py:186] Starting module "default" running at: http://localhost:8080  
INFO  2015-02-24 19:08:56,249 admin_server.py:118] Starting admin server at: http://localhost:8000  
ERROR 2015-02-24 19:09:00,307 webapp2.py:1552] 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'key'  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
    File "/Users/Bryan/Desktop/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 1535, in __call__  
    rv = self.handle_exception(request, response, e)  
    File "/Users/Bryan/Desktop/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 1529, in __call__  
    rv = self.router.dispatch(request, response)  
    File "/Users/Bryan/Desktop/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 1278, in default_dispatcher  
    return route.handler_adapter(request, response)  
    File "/Users/Bryan/Desktop/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 1102, in __call__  
    return handler.dispatch()  
    File "/Users/Bryan/work/GoogleAppEngine/dermalfillersecrets/main.py", line 18, in dispatch  
    webapp2.RequestHandler.dispatch(self)  
    File "/Users/Bryan/Desktop/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 572, in dispatch  
    return self.handle_exception(e, self.app.debug)  
    File "/Users/Bryan/Desktop/GoogleAppEngineLauncher.app/Contents/Resources/GoogleAppEngine-default.bundle/Contents/Resources/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2/webapp2.py", line 570, in dispatch  
    return method(*args, **kwargs)  
    File "/Users/Bryan/work/GoogleAppEngine/dermalfillersecrets/main.py", line 95, in get  
    self.session['client'] = client.key.urlsafe()  
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'key'  
INFO  2015-02-24 19:09:00,314 module.py:737] default: "GET/HTTP/1.1" 500 2354  
INFO  2015-02-24 19:09:00,377 module.py:737] default: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 200 8348  
INFO  2015-02-24 19:09:00,381 module.py:737] default: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 304 -  
EINFO  2015-02-24 19:09:08,482 shutdown.py:45] Shutting down.  
INFO  2015-02-24 19:09:08,483 api_server.py:588] Applying all pending transactions and saving the datastore  

======================================================================  
ERROR: test_guest_can_submit_contact_info (dermalfillersecrets.functional_tests.NewVisitorTest)  
----------------------------------------------------------------------  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
    File "/Users/Bryan/work/GoogleAppEngine/dermalfillersecrets/functional_tests.py", line 88, in test_guest_can_submit_contact_info  
    self.browser.find_element_by_name('id_name').send_keys("Kallie Wheelock")  
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 302, in find_element_by_name  
    return self.find_element(by=By.NAME, value=name)  
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 662, in find_element  
    {'using': by, 'value': value})['value']  
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 173, in execute  
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)  
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 166, in check_response  
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)  
NoSuchElementException: Message: Unable to locate element: {"method":"name","selector":"id_name"}  
Stacktrace:  
    at FirefoxDriver.prototype.findElementInternal_ (file:///var/folders/mw/0y88j8_54bjc93d_lg3120qw0000gp/T/tmpSjWZ6W/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/driver-component.js:9641:26)  
    at fxdriver.Timer.prototype.setTimeout/<.notify (file:///var/folders/mw/0y88j8_54bjc93d_lg3120qw0000gp/T/tmpSjWZ6W/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/driver-component.js:548:5)  

這裏是functional_tests.py代碼

import sys, os, subprocess, time, unittest, shlex  
sys.path.append("/usr/local/google_appengine")  
sys.path.append("/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/yaml/lib")  
sys.path.append("/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/webapp2-2.5.2")  
sys.path.append("/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/django-1.5")  
sys.path.append("/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/cherrypy")  
sys.path.append("/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/concurrent")  
sys.path.append("/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/docker")  
sys.path.append("/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/requests")  
sys.path.append("/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/websocket")  
sys.path.append("/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/fancy_urllib")  
sys.path.append("/usr/local/google_appengine/lib/antlr3")  

from selenium import webdriver  
from google.appengine.api import memcache, apiproxy_stub, apiproxy_stub_map  
from google.appengine.ext import db  
from google.appengine.ext import testbed  
import dev_appserver   
from google.appengine.tools.devappserver2 import devappserver2  


class NewVisitorTest(unittest.TestCase):  

    def setUp(self):  
     # Start the dev server   
     cmd = "/usr/local/bin/dev_appserver.py /Users/Bryan/work/GoogleAppEngine/dermalfillersecrets/app.yaml --port 8080 --storage_path /tmp/datastore --clear_datastore --skip_sdk_update_check"  
     self.dev_appserver = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(cmd),  
               stdout=subprocess.PIPE)  
     time.sleep(2) # Important, let dev_appserver start up  

     self.testbed = testbed.Testbed() 
     self.testbed.setup_env(app_id="dev~myapp")  
     self.testbed.activate()  
     #self.testbed.setup_env(app_id='dermalfillersecrets')  
     self.testbed.init_user_stub()  
     # Create a consistency policy with a probability of 1, 
     # the datastore should be available. 
     self.policy = datastore_stub_util.PseudoRandomHRConsistencyPolicy(probability=1) 
     # Initialize the datastore stub with this policy. 
     self.testbed.init_datastore_v3_stub(datastore_file="/tmp/datastore/datastore.db", use_sqlite=True, consistency_policy=self.policy)  
     self.testbed.init_memcache_stub()  
     self.datastore_stub = apiproxy_stub_map.apiproxy.GetStub('datastore_v3')  

     # setup the dev_appserver  
     APP_CONFIGS = ['app.yaml']  

     # setup client to make sure  
     from main import Client  
     if not (Client.query(Client.name == "Bryan Wheelock").get()):  
      logging.info("create Admin")  
      client = Client(  
      email = "bryan@mail.com",  
      name = "Bryan Wheelock",  
      street1 = "555 Main St",  
      street2 = "unit 1",  
      city = "Atlanta",  
      zipcode = 99999,  
      phone = "(888)555-1212"  
      ).put() 
      # this sleep is to allow eventual consistency to propogate  
      time.sleep(2) 

     self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()  
     self.browser.implicitly_wait(3)  

    def tearDown(self):  
     self.browser.quit()  
     self.testbed.deactivate()  
     self.dev_appserver.terminate()  

    def test_guest_can_submit_contact_info(self):  
     from main import Client, Customer   
     client = Client.query(Client.name == "Bryan Wheelock").get()  
     orig_customer_count = Customer.query(ancestor=client.key).count()  
     self.browser.get('http://localhost:8080')  
     time.sleep(5)  
     self.browser.find_element_by_name('id_name').send_keys("Kallie Wheelock")  
     self.browser.find_element_by_name('id_street').send_keys("123 main st")  
     self.browser.find_element_by_name('id_phone').send_keys('(404)555-1212')  
     self.browser.find_element_by_name('id_zip').send_keys("30306")  
     self.browser.find_element_by_name('submit').submit()  
     # the time delay is to allow eventual consisenency to happen.  
     time.sleep(4)  
     assert(Customer.query(Customer.name == "Kallie Wheelock").get())  
     # this should return 1 more record  
     final_customer_count = Customer.query(ancestor=client.key).count()  
     self.assertNotEqual(orig_customer_count, final_customer_count)  

     # Delete the Customer record  
     Customer.query(Customer.name =="Kallie Wheelock").delete() 

下面是main.py代碼：

import os 
import urllib 
import logging 

from google.appengine.api import users 
from google.appengine.ext import ndb 

import jinja2 
import webapp2 
from webapp2_extras import sessions 

class BaseHandler(webapp2.RequestHandler): 
    def dispatch(self): 
     self.session_store = sessions.get_store(request=self.request) 

     try: 
      # dispatch the request 
      webapp2.RequestHandler.dispatch(self) 
     finally: 
      # save all sessions 
      self.session_store.save_sessions(self.response) 

    @webapp2.cached_property 
    def session(self): 
     # Returns a session using the default cookie key. 
     return self.session_store.get_session() 

JINJA_ENVIRONMENT = jinja2.Environment( 
    loader = jinja2.FileSystemLoader(os.path.dirname(__file__)), 
    extensions=['jinja2.ext.autoescape'], 
    autoescape=True) 

DEFAULT_LEADBOOK_NAME = 'whatsmyname' 

def leadbook_key(leadbook_name=DEFAULT_LEADBOOK_NAME): 
    """Constructs a Datastore key for a LeadBook entity with leadbook_name.""" 
    return ndb.Key('LeadBook', leadbook_name) 

class Client(ndb.Model): 
    email = ndb.StringProperty() 
    name = ndb.StringProperty(indexed=True) 
    street1 = ndb.StringProperty() 
    street2 = ndb.StringProperty() 
    city = ndb.StringProperty() 
    zipcode = ndb.IntegerProperty() 
    phone = ndb.StringProperty() 
    signup = ndb.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) 

# this just creates a Client to use 
if not (Client.query(Client.name == "Bryan Wheelock").get()): 
    client = Client( 
    email = "bryan@mail.com", 
    name = "Bryan Wheelock", 
    street1 = "555 Main St", 
    street2 = "unit 1", 
    city = "Atlanta", 
    zipcode = 99999, 
    phone = "(888)555-1212" 
    ).put() 

class Customer(ndb.Model): 
    # I commented out client property because using Ancestor Query(limited to 1 write per second) 
    #client = ndb.KeyProperty(kind=Client) 
    #email = ndb.StringProperty(indexed=True) 
    name = ndb.StringProperty(indexed=True) 
    street1 = ndb.StringProperty() 
    street2 = ndb.StringProperty() 
    city = ndb.StringProperty() 
    zipcode = ndb.IntegerProperty() 
    phone = ndb.StringProperty() 
    signup = ndb.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) 

class MainPage(BaseHandler): 
    def get(self): 
     leadbook_name = self.request.get('leadbook_name', 
              DEFAULT_LEADBOOK_NAME) 

     # This should be the Client record that shows the info of the owner of the local clinic 
     # the question is how do I get the site to show the correct Client? 
     client = Client.query(Client.name == "Bryan Wheelock").get() 
     self.session['client'] = client.key.urlsafe() 

     template_values = { 
      'client': client, 
      'leadbook_name': urllib.quote_plus(leadbook_name), 
     } 

     template = JINJA_ENVIRONMENT.get_template('index.html') 

     self.response.write(template.render(template_values)) 

class LeadBook(BaseHandler): 
    def post(self): 
     leadbook_name = self.request.get('leadbook_name', 
              DEFAULT_LEADBOOK_NAME) 

     client = ndb.Key(urlsafe=self.session['client']).get() 

     customer = Customer(parent = client.key) 
     customer.name = self.request.get('id_name') 
     customer.street1 = self.request.get('id_street') 
     customer.phone = self.request.get('id_phone') 
     customer.zipcode = int(self.request.get('id_zip')) 
     # show original number of customer to show the code works 
     starting_customer_count = Customer.query(ancestor=client.key).count() 
     #import pdb; pdb.set_trace() 
     customer.put() 
     # This should return the record 
     assert(Customer.query(Customer.name == "Kallie Wheelock").get()) 
     final_customer_count = Customer.query(ancestor=client.key).count() 
     #import pdb; pdb.set_trace() 
     query_params = {'leadbook_name': leadbook_name} 
     self.redirect('/?' + urllib.urlencode(query_params)) 

config = {} 
config['webapp2_extras.sessions'] = { 
    'secret_key': 'my-super-secret-key', 
} 
application = webapp2.WSGIApplication([ 
    ('/', MainPage), 
    ('/sign', LeadBook), 
], config = config, 
    debug=True) 

Answer 1

的問題是在通過你的暗示評論：

# this sleep is to allow eventual consistency to propogate 

這實際上並非如此。最終的一致性與時間無關，它在本地數據存儲中模擬的方式更少;在測試中，數據存儲測試臺實現了一種策略，即初始讀取幾乎總是失敗。該文件解釋瞭如何在您的測試中使用tweak the policy;一個捷徑 - 再一次，只能在測試中使用，而不是在生產中 - 是在保存之後執行一個明確的.get（），這將始終使實體可見。