我無法使用pip安裝任何軟件包

Question

最近我安裝了Python 2.7，因爲我想重寫一些用Python 3.5編寫的腳本。我修改PATH環境變量，我想安裝熊貓模塊後我gettint以下錯誤：

C:\Python27>pip install pandas 
Collecting pandas 
Exception: 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 209, in main 
    status = self.run(options, args) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 299, in run 

    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 360, in prepare_ 
files 
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies)) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 512, in _prepare 
_file 
    finder, self.upgrade, require_hashes) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 273, in popu 
late_link 
    self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 440, in find_requireme 
nt 
    all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 398, in find_all_candi 
dates 
    for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name): 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 543, in _get_pages 
    page = self._get_page(location) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 646, in _get_page 
    return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 755, in get_page 
    "Cache-Control": "max-age=600", 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 48 
0, in get 
    return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 378, in request 
    return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 46 
8, in request 
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 60 
8, in send 
    r.content 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\models.py", line 737, 
in content 
    self._content = bytes().join(self.iter_content(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)) or bytes 
() 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\models.py", line 660, 
in generate 
    for chunk in self.raw.stream(chunk_size, decode_content=True): 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\resp 
onse.py", line 344, in stream 
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\resp 
onse.py", line 301, in read 
    data = self._fp.read(amt) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", 
line 54, in read 
    self.__callback(self.__buf.getvalue()) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\controller.py", l 
ine 297, in cache_response 
    self.serializer.dumps(request, response, body=body), 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\download.py", line 281, in set 
    return super(SafeFileCache, self).set(*args, **kwargs) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\caches\file_cache 
.py", line 99, in set 
    with self.lock_class(name) as lock: 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\lockfile\mkdirlockfile.py", li 
ne 19, in __init__ 
    LockBase.__init__(self, path, threaded, timeout) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\lockfile\__init__.py", line 24 
2, in __init__ 
    hash(self.path))) 
    File "c:\python27\lib\ntpath.py", line 85, in join 
    result_path = result_path + p_path 
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xb3 in position 5: ordinal 
not in range(128) 

任何想法如何解決這個問題？我刪除了Python 3.5的路徑，但它沒有幫助。

我也無法安裝其他軟件包。

Answer 1

這似乎是一個問題，而pip試圖在緩存目錄中創建一個鎖文件，可能是因爲您的用戶主目錄路徑通常存儲緩存的地方包含非ASCII字符。

作爲解決方法，您可以嘗試將--no-cache-dir選項傳遞給點或明確傳遞由onyl ascii字符組成的--cache-dir。

Answer 2

升級點子往往可以解決這樣的問題，請嘗試：

pip install --upgrade pip 

，然後嘗試重新安裝大熊貓。

如果這樣不起作用，那麼pip中有一個關於unicode字符的已知錯誤。更多細節可在pip github page找到。

Answer 3

你可以試試：

在Linux或MacOS的：

pip install -U pip

在Windows上：

python -m pip install -U pip

或者你可以使用conda install爲pip一種替代方案： http://conda.pydata.org/docs/install/full.html ....