不，謝天謝地，綁定並不在意recv_data的內部可能被重新分配，而是綁定到recv_data對象本身。下面是我寫的下載程序的一個工作示例，您可以看到，在讀取之間不會重新分配緩衝區。
以同樣的方式，你可以安全地共享一個向量的引用，而不關心向量的內部是否被重新分配（除非你直接開始指向向量元素的內存地址，或者在迭代器變成無效。矢量的句柄保持有效，並且以同樣的方式，streambuf的句柄對istream保持有效並且工作正常）。
download.h
#ifndef _MV_DOWNLOAD_H_
#define _MV_DOWNLOAD_H_
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <ostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include "Network/url.h"
#include "Utility/generalUtility.h"
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
namespace MV {
struct HttpHeader {
std::string version;
int status = 0;
std::string message;
std::map<std::string, std::string> values;
std::vector<std::string> bounces;
bool success = false;
std::string errorMessage;
size_t contentLength;
HttpHeader() {
}
HttpHeader(std::istream& response_stream) {
read(response_stream);
}
void read(std::istream& response_stream);
};
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const HttpHeader& obj) {
os << "\\/______HTTP_HEADER______\\/\nVersion [" << obj.version << "] Status [" << obj.status << "] Message [" << obj.message << "]\n";
os << "||-----------------------||\n";
for (auto&& kvp : obj.values) {
os << "[" << kvp.first << "]: " << kvp.second << "\n";
}
os << "\n||--------Bounces--------||\n";
for (size_t i = 0; i < obj.bounces.size(); ++i) {
os << i << ": " << obj.bounces[i] << "\n";
}
os << "/\\_______________________/\\" << std::endl;
return os;
}
inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& a_is, HttpHeader& a_obj) {
a_obj.read(a_is);
return a_is;
}
class DownloadRequest : public std::enable_shared_from_this<DownloadRequest> {
public:
static std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest> make(const MV::Url& a_url, const std::shared_ptr<std::ostream> &a_streamOutput) {
auto result = std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>(new DownloadRequest(a_streamOutput));
result->perform(a_url);
return result;
}
//onComplete is called on success or error at the end of the download.
static std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest> make(const std::shared_ptr<boost::asio::io_service> &a_ioService, const MV::Url& a_url, const std::shared_ptr<std::ostream> &a_streamOutput, std::function<void (std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>)> a_onComplete) {
auto result = std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>(new DownloadRequest(a_streamOutput));
result->onComplete = a_onComplete;
result->ioService = a_ioService;
result->perform(a_url);
return result;
}
HttpHeader& header() {
return headerData;
}
MV::Url finalUrl() {
return currentUrl;
}
MV::Url inputUrl() {
return originalUrl;
}
private:
DownloadRequest(const std::shared_ptr<std::ostream> &a_streamOutput) :
streamOutput(a_streamOutput) {
}
void perform(const MV::Url& a_url);
bool initializeSocket();
void initiateRequest(const MV::Url& a_url);
void handleResolve(const boost::system::error_code& err, boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver::iterator endpoint_iterator);
void handleConnect(const boost::system::error_code& err, boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver::iterator endpoint_iterator);
void handleWriteRequest(const boost::system::error_code& err);
void handleReadHeaders(const boost::system::error_code& err);
void handleReadContent(const boost::system::error_code& err);
void readResponseToStream() {
(*streamOutput) << &(*response);
}
std::shared_ptr<boost::asio::io_service> ioService;
std::unique_ptr<boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver> resolver;
std::unique_ptr<boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket> socket;
std::unique_ptr<std::istream> responseStream;
std::unique_ptr<boost::asio::streambuf> request;
std::unique_ptr<boost::asio::streambuf> response;
std::shared_ptr<std::ostream> streamOutput;
HttpHeader headerData;
MV::Url currentUrl;
MV::Url originalUrl;
std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>)> onComplete;
};
std::string DownloadString(const MV::Url& a_url);
HttpHeader DownloadFile(const MV::Url& a_url, const std::string &a_path);
void DownloadFile(const std::shared_ptr<boost::asio::io_service> &a_ioService, const MV::Url& a_url, const std::string &a_path, std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>)> a_onComplete = std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>)>());
void DownloadFiles(const std::vector<MV::Url>& a_url, const std::string &a_path, std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>)> a_onComplete = std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>)>());
void DownloadFiles(const std::shared_ptr<boost::asio::io_service> &a_ioService, const std::vector<MV::Url>& a_url, const std::string &a_path, std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>)> a_onComplete = std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>)>(), std::function<void()> a_onAllComplete = std::function<void()>());
}
#endif
download.cpp
#include "download.h"
#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
#include <atomic>
namespace MV{
void HttpHeader::read(std::istream& response_stream) {
values.clear();
response_stream >> version;
std::string status_code;
response_stream >> status_code;
try {
status = std::stoi(status_code);
} catch (...) {
status = 0;
}
getline_platform_agnostic(response_stream, message);
if (!message.empty() && message[0] == ' ') { message = message.substr(1); }
std::string header;
while (getline_platform_agnostic(response_stream, header) && !header.empty()) {
auto index = header.find_first_of(':');
if (index != std::string::npos && index > 0) {
auto key = header.substr(0, index);
auto value = (index + 2 >= header.size()) ? "" : header.substr(index + 2);
std::transform(key.begin(), key.end(), key.begin(), [](char c) {return std::tolower(c); });
values[key] = value;
if (toLower(key) == "content-length") {
try {
contentLength = static_cast<size_t>(stol(value));
} catch (std::exception &e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
contentLength = 0;
}
}
}
}
}
std::string DownloadString(const Url& a_url) {
auto result = std::make_shared<std::stringstream>();
if (DownloadRequest::make(a_url, result)->header().success) {
return result->str();
} else {
return "";
}
}
MV::HttpHeader DownloadFile(const Url& a_url, const std::string &a_path) {
HttpHeader header;
{
boost::filesystem::create_directories(boost::filesystem::path(a_path).parent_path());
auto outFile = std::make_shared<std::ofstream>(a_path, std::ofstream::out | std::ofstream::binary);
auto request = DownloadRequest::make(a_url, outFile);
header = request->header();
}
if (!header.success) {
std::remove(a_path.c_str());
}
return header;
}
void DownloadFile(const std::shared_ptr<boost::asio::io_service> &a_ioService, const MV::Url& a_url, const std::string &a_path, std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>)> a_onComplete) {
boost::filesystem::create_directories(boost::filesystem::path(a_path).parent_path());
auto outFile = std::make_shared<std::ofstream>(a_path, std::ofstream::out | std::ofstream::binary);
auto request = DownloadRequest::make(a_ioService, a_url, outFile, [a_path, a_onComplete](std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest> a_result) {
if (!a_result->header().success) {
std::remove(a_path.c_str());
}
if (a_onComplete) { a_onComplete(a_result); }
});
}
void DownloadFiles(const std::vector<MV::Url>& a_urls, const std::string &a_path, std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>)> a_onComplete) {
auto service = std::make_shared<boost::asio::io_service>();
for (auto&& url : a_urls) {
DownloadFile(service, url, a_path + boost::filesystem::path(url.path()).filename().string(), a_onComplete);
}
service->run();
}
void DownloadFiles(const std::shared_ptr<boost::asio::io_service> &a_ioService, const std::vector<MV::Url>& a_urls, const std::string &a_path, std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest>)> a_onComplete, std::function<void()> a_onAllComplete) {
size_t totalFiles = a_urls.size();
for (auto&& url : a_urls) {
auto counter = std::make_shared<std::atomic<size_t>>(0);
DownloadFile(a_ioService, url, a_path + boost::filesystem::path(url.path()).filename().string(), [=](std::shared_ptr<DownloadRequest> a_request) {
a_onComplete(a_request);
if (++(*counter) == totalFiles) {
a_onAllComplete();
}
});
}
}
void DownloadRequest::handleReadContent(const boost::system::error_code& err) {
if (!err) {
readResponseToStream();
if (onComplete) { onComplete(shared_from_this()); }
} else if (err != boost::asio::error::eof) {
headerData.success = false;
headerData.errorMessage = "Download Read Content Failure: " + err.message();
std::cerr << headerData.errorMessage << std::endl;
if (onComplete) { onComplete(shared_from_this()); }
}
}
void DownloadRequest::handleReadHeaders(const boost::system::error_code& err) {
if (!err) {
responseStream = std::make_unique<std::istream>(&(*response));
headerData.read(*responseStream);
headerData.success = true;
headerData.errorMessage = "";
if (headerData.status >= 300 && headerData.status < 400 && headerData.bounces.size() < 32 && headerData.values.find("location") != headerData.values.end()) {
headerData.bounces.push_back(currentUrl.toString());
initiateRequest(headerData.values["location"]);
} else {
auto amountLeftToRead = headerData.contentLength - response->size();
if (response->size() > 0) {
readResponseToStream();
}
if (amountLeftToRead > 0) {
boost::asio::async_read(*socket, *response, boost::asio::transfer_at_least(amountLeftToRead), boost::bind(&DownloadRequest::handleReadContent, shared_from_this(), boost::asio::placeholders::error));
} else {
if (onComplete) { onComplete(shared_from_this()); }
}
}
} else {
headerData.success = false;
headerData.errorMessage = "Download Read Header Failure: " + err.message();
std::cerr << headerData.errorMessage << std::endl;
if (onComplete) { onComplete(shared_from_this()); }
}
}
void DownloadRequest::handleWriteRequest(const boost::system::error_code& err) {
if (!err) {
boost::asio::async_read_until(*socket, *response, "\r\n\r\n", boost::bind(&DownloadRequest::handleReadHeaders, shared_from_this(), boost::asio::placeholders::error));
} else {
headerData.success = false;
headerData.errorMessage = "Download Write Failure: " + err.message();
std::cerr << headerData.errorMessage << std::endl;
if (onComplete) { onComplete(shared_from_this()); }
}
}
void DownloadRequest::handleConnect(const boost::system::error_code& err, boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver::iterator endpoint_iterator) {
if (!err) {
// The connection was successful. Send the request.
boost::asio::async_write(*socket, *request, boost::bind(&DownloadRequest::handleWriteRequest, shared_from_this(), boost::asio::placeholders::error));
} else if (endpoint_iterator != boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver::iterator()) {
// The connection failed. Try the next endpoint in the list.
socket->close();
boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint endpoint = *endpoint_iterator;
socket->async_connect(endpoint, boost::bind(&DownloadRequest::handleConnect, shared_from_this(), boost::asio::placeholders::error, ++endpoint_iterator));
} else {
headerData.success = false;
headerData.errorMessage = "Download Connection Failure: " + err.message();
std::cerr << headerData.errorMessage << std::endl;
if (onComplete) { onComplete(shared_from_this()); }
}
}
void DownloadRequest::handleResolve(const boost::system::error_code& err, boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver::iterator endpoint_iterator) {
if (!err) {
// Attempt a connection to the first endpoint in the list. Each endpoint
// will be tried until we successfully establish a connection.
boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint endpoint = *endpoint_iterator;
socket->async_connect(endpoint, boost::bind(&DownloadRequest::handleConnect, shared_from_this(), boost::asio::placeholders::error, ++endpoint_iterator));
} else {
headerData.success = false;
headerData.errorMessage = "Download Resolve Failure: " + err.message();
std::cerr << headerData.errorMessage << std::endl;
if (onComplete) { onComplete(shared_from_this()); }
}
}
void DownloadRequest::initiateRequest(const MV::Url& a_url) {
socket->close();
currentUrl = a_url;
request = std::make_unique<boost::asio::streambuf>();
response = std::make_unique<boost::asio::streambuf>();
using boost::asio::ip::tcp;
std::ostream requestStream(&(*request));
requestStream << "GET " << a_url.pathAndQuery() << " HTTP/1.1\r\n";
requestStream << "Host: " << a_url.host() << "\r\n";
requestStream << "Accept: */*\r\n";
requestStream << "Connection: close\r\n\r\n";
tcp::resolver::query query(a_url.host(), "http");
resolver->async_resolve(query, boost::bind(&DownloadRequest::handleResolve, shared_from_this(), boost::asio::placeholders::error, boost::asio::placeholders::iterator));
}
bool DownloadRequest::initializeSocket() {
bool created = false;
if (!ioService) {
ioService = std::make_shared<boost::asio::io_service>();
created = true;
}
resolver = std::make_unique<boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver>(*ioService);
socket = std::make_unique<boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket>(*ioService);
return created;
}
void DownloadRequest::perform(const MV::Url& a_url) {
originalUrl = a_url;
try {
bool needToCallRun = initializeSocket();
initiateRequest(a_url);
if (needToCallRun) {
ioService->run();
}
} catch (...) {
headerData.success = false;
headerData.errorMessage = "Exception thrown to top level.";
std::cerr << headerData.errorMessage << std::endl;
onComplete(shared_from_this());
}
}
}
generalUtility.h（它的一部分無論如何，只是此參考）
inline std::istream& getline_platform_agnostic(std::istream& is, std::string& t) {
t.clear();
// The characters in the stream are read one-by-one using a std::streambuf.
// That is faster than reading them one-by-one using the std::istream.
// Code that uses streambuf this way must be guarded by a sentry object.
// The sentry object performs various tasks,
// such as thread synchronization and updating the stream state.
std::istream::sentry se(is, true);
std::streambuf* sb = is.rdbuf();
for (;;) {
int c = sb->sbumpc();
switch (c) {
case '\n':
return is;
case '\r':
if (sb->sgetc() == '\n')
sb->sbumpc();
return is;
case EOF:
// Also handle the case when the last line has no line ending
if (t.empty())
is.setstate(std::ios::eofbit);
return is;
default:
t += (char)c;
}
}
}
inline std::string toLower(std::string s) {
std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), [](char c) { return std::tolower(c); });
return s;
}
url.h
修改（略，只是改變了一些命名方案的東西）
https://github.com/keyz182/Poco-1.4.3/blob/master/Foundation/include/Poco/URI.h
https://github.com/keyz182/Poco-1.4.3/blob/master/Foundation/src/URI.cpp
半相關的，你可能想要做的：boost ::綁定（ ＆IProtocol :: handle_data_recv，protocol.shared_from_this（）， boost :: asio :: placeholders :: error）或類似的強制使用壽命，儘管取決於程序的結構，也許你已經暗中強制使用壽命。這當然會迫使你使用shared_ptr，並從enable_shared_from_this <> – M2tM
派生。很好的觀察，謝謝 - 但正如你所提到的，協議對象也存在於程序的整個生命週期中。所有這些都是在調用io_service.run（）之前在main（）中創建的。 – Sid