Heroku上的CarrierWave TypeError（無法轉儲文件）

Question

在開發中，使用CarrierWave進行Fog/S3上傳可以正常工作。在生產中，我一直看到這個錯誤：

我在其他堆棧溢出帖子上看到了這個，但它們是關於多部分表單的。我只是一個標準格式內的常規文件字段。我使用ActiveRecord的session_store（現在是一個單獨的gem），它看起來很難轉儲文件，但我不確定這是爲什麼。下面是完整的堆棧跟蹤：

2014-11-24T17:33:04.682703+00:00 app[web.1]: Processing by DefendantsController#update as HTML 
2014-11-24T17:33:04.682795+00:00 app[web.1]: Parameters: {"utf8"=>"✓", "authenticity_token"=>"bhvn+IUv3Vw7OReBDDE97YZuRBBSs9bGQ6K1xvkTBpQ=", "defendant"=>{"organization_id"=>"2", "picture_attributes"=>{"image"=>#<ActionDispatch::Http::UploadedFile:0x007fdaab19c700 @tempfile=#<Tempfile:/tmp/RackMultipart20141124-2-65sl86>, @original_filename="avatar.jpg", @content_type="image/jpeg", @headers="Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"defendant[picture_attributes][image]\"; filename=\"avatar.jpg\"\r\nContent-Type: image/jpeg\r\n">}, "name"=>"john doe", "nickname_or_alias"=>"", "marital_status"=>"Single", "maiden_name"=>"", "birthday"=>"02/24/1984", "email"=>"blah@blah.com", "weight"=>"150", "height"=>"72", "skin_color"=>"White", "eye_color"=>"Brown", "gender"=>"Male", "race"=>"Caucasian", "hair_color"=>"Black", "scar_or_tattoo"=>"", "spouse_name"=>"", "facebook_url"=>"", "united_states_citizen"=>"1", "ssn"=>"000-11-1111"}, "commit"=>"Update Defendant", "id"=>"2"} 
2014-11-24T17:33:04.680411+00:00 app[web.1]: Started PATCH "/defendants/2" for 68.53.142.146 at 2014-11-24 17:33:04 +0000 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.543253+00:00 app[web.1]: Completed 302 Found in 860ms (ActiveRecord: 15.0ms) 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.542976+00:00 app[web.1]: Redirected to http://bailbetter.herokuapp.com/defendants/2/edit 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549278+00:00 app[web.1]: 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549283+00:00 app[web.1]: TypeError (can't dump File): 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549284+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-session_store-0.1.0/lib/active_record/session_store.rb:7:in `dump' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549286+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-session_store-0.1.0/lib/active_record/session_store.rb:7:in `marshal' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549288+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-session_store-0.1.0/lib/active_record/session_store/session.rb:73:in `marshal_data!' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549289+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:424:in `block in make_lambda' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549291+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:160:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549292+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:160:in `block in halting' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549294+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:86:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549295+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:86:in `run_callbacks' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549296+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:302:in `create_or_update' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549315+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:103:in `save' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549316+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/validations.rb:51:in `save' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549318+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:21:in `save' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549319+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:268:in `block (2 levels) in save' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549320+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:329:in `block in with_transaction_returning_status' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549322+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:211:in `block in transaction' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549323+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:219:in `within_new_transaction' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549324+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:211:in `transaction' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549325+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:208:in `transaction' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549327+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:326:in `with_transaction_returning_status' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549328+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:268:in `block in save' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549329+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:283:in `rollback_active_record_state!' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549331+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:267:in `save' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549332+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-session_store-0.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/session/active_record_store.rb:80:in `block in set_session' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549333+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting.rb:106:in `block (2 levels) in quietly' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549335+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting.rb:48:in `silence_stream' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549336+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting.rb:105:in `block in quietly' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549337+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting.rb:48:in `silence_stream' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549338+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting.rb:104:in `quietly' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549340+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-session_store-0.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/session/active_record_store.rb:77:in `set_session' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549341+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:342:in `commit_session' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549342+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:226:in `context' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549343+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:220:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549345+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/actionpack-4.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:560:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549346+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:36:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549352+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activerecord-4.1.0/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:621:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549353+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/actionpack-4.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:29:in `block in call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549354+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:82:in `run_callbacks' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549356+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/actionpack-4.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549357+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/actionpack-4.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:76:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549358+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/actionpack-4.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:17:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549359+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/actionpack-4.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:30:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549361+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/railties-4.1.0/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549362+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/railties-4.1.0/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:20:in `block in call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549363+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `block in tagged' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549364+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:26:in `tagged' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549365+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `tagged' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549367+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/railties-4.1.0/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:20:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549368+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/actionpack-4.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:21:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549369+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:21:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549370+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/runtime.rb:17:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549372+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.0/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:26:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.553984+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=POST path="/defendants/2" host=bailbetter.herokuapp.com request_id=dc9adbf1-78de-48aa-b913-4b0f59992c0b fwd="68.53.142.146" dyno=web.1 connect=1ms service=978ms status=500 bytes=1497 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549373+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/actionpack-4.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:64:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549374+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/sendfile.rb:112:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549376+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/railties-4.1.0/lib/rails/engine.rb:514:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549377+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/railties-4.1.0/lib/rails/application.rb:144:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549378+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/content_length.rb:14:in `call' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549379+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/thin-1.6.2/lib/thin/connection.rb:86:in `block in pre_process' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549380+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/thin-1.6.2/lib/thin/connection.rb:84:in `catch' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549382+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/thin-1.6.2/lib/thin/connection.rb:84:in `pre_process' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549383+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/thin-1.6.2/lib/thin/connection.rb:53:in `process' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549384+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/thin-1.6.2/lib/thin/connection.rb:39:in `receive_data' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549386+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/eventmachine-1.0.3/lib/eventmachine.rb:187:in `run_machine' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549387+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/eventmachine-1.0.3/lib/eventmachine.rb:187:in `run' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549388+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/thin-1.6.2/lib/thin/backends/base.rb:73:in `start' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549389+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/thin-1.6.2/lib/thin/server.rb:162:in `start' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549391+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/handler/thin.rb:16:in `run' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549392+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/server.rb:264:in `start' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549393+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/railties-4.1.0/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:69:in `start' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549394+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/railties-4.1.0/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:81:in `block in server' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549395+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/railties-4.1.0/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:76:in `tap' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549396+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/railties-4.1.0/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:76:in `server' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549398+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/railties-4.1.0/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:40:in `run_command!' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549399+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/railties-4.1.0/lib/rails/commands.rb:17:in `<top (required)>' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549400+00:00 app[web.1]: bin/rails:8:in `require' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549401+00:00 app[web.1]: bin/rails:8:in `<main>' 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549402+00:00 app[web.1]: 
2014-11-24T17:33:05.549403+00:00 app[web.1]: 
2014-11-24T17:36:16.832243+00:00 app[web.1]: Started GET "/" for 54.87.115.122 at 2014-11-24 17:36:16 +0000 
2014-11-24T17:36:16.841057+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered devise/sessions/new.html.erb within layouts/application (2.5ms) 
2014-11-24T17:36:16.842255+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_errors.html.erb (0.1ms) 
2014-11-24T17:36:16.842361+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_header.html.erb (0.3ms) 
2014-11-24T17:36:16.842586+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_footer.html.erb (0.1ms) 
2014-11-24T17:36:16.835923+00:00 app[web.1]: Processing by Devise::SessionsController#new as */* 
2014-11-24T17:36:16.841969+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_head.html.erb (0.7ms) 
2014-11-24T17:36:16.843465+00:00 app[web.1]: Completed 200 OK in 7ms (Views: 5.6ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms) 
2014-11-24T17:36:16.856746+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/" host=bailbetter.herokuapp.com request_id=2624573d-1670-45d5-945d-13cbe8b99285 fwd="54.87.115.122" dyno=web.1 connect=1ms service=23ms status=200 bytes=4321 
2014-11-24T17:40:46.930531+00:00 app[web.1]: Started GET "/" for 54.211.161.144 at 2014-11-24 17:40:46 +0000 
2014-11-24T17:40:46.937803+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered devise/sessions/new.html.erb within layouts/application (2.0ms) 
2014-11-24T17:40:46.933689+00:00 app[web.1]: Processing by Devise::SessionsController#new as */* 
2014-11-24T17:40:46.938622+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_head.html.erb (0.7ms) 
2014-11-24T17:40:46.938908+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_errors.html.erb (0.1ms) 
2014-11-24T17:40:46.939009+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_header.html.erb (0.3ms) 
2014-11-24T17:40:46.939212+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_footer.html.erb (0.1ms) 
2014-11-24T17:40:46.940133+00:00 app[web.1]: Completed 200 OK in 6ms (Views: 4.7ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms) 
2014-11-24T17:40:46.953041+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/" host=bailbetter.herokuapp.com request_id=9a530552-a3bc-4401-a1b6-cc5736cd0c0b fwd="54.211.161.144" dyno=web.1 connect=10ms service=23ms status=200 bytes=4321 
2014-11-24T17:50:59.689993+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/" host=bailbetter.herokuapp.com request_id=8cecda20-c0b9-48ac-b271-ab6d88deade7 fwd="54.90.222.139" dyno=web.1 connect=2ms service=17ms status=200 bytes=4321 
2014-11-24T17:50:59.671966+00:00 app[web.1]: Started GET "/" for 54.90.222.139 at 2014-11-24 17:50:59 +0000 
2014-11-24T17:50:59.678050+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered devise/sessions/new.html.erb within layouts/application (1.8ms) 
2014-11-24T17:50:59.678987+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_errors.html.erb (0.1ms) 
2014-11-24T17:50:59.679373+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_footer.html.erb (0.1ms) 
2014-11-24T17:50:59.674640+00:00 app[web.1]: Processing by Devise::SessionsController#new as */* 
2014-11-24T17:50:59.678713+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_head.html.erb (0.5ms) 
2014-11-24T17:50:59.679143+00:00 app[web.1]: Rendered shared/_header.html.erb (0.3ms) 
2014-11-24T17:50:59.680198+00:00 app[web.1]: Completed 200 OK in 5ms (Views: 4.2ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms) 

，這裏是控制器動作：

def update 
    @defendant = Defendant.find(params[:id]) 
    convert_params 

    unless @defendant.update_attributes(sanitized_params) 
     flash[:notice] = @defendant.errors.full_messages.to_sentence 
    end 

    redirect_to edit_defendant_path(@defendant) 
    end 

    private 

    def sanitized_params 
     params.require(:defendant).permit(
     :organization_id, :name, :maiden_name, :birthday, 
     :email, :weight, :height, :skin_color, 
     :eye_color, :gender, :race, :hair_color, 
     :scar_or_tattoo, :spouse_name, :facebook_url, :nickname_or_alias, 
     :marital_status, :united_states_citizen, :ssn, 
     picture_attributes: [ 
      :image 
     ] 
    ) 
    end 

    def convert_params 
     params[:defendant][:birthday] = convert_date_string(params[:defendant][:birthday]) 
    end 

UPDATE

下面是我使用Carrierwave初始化：

if Rails.env.test? 
    CarrierWave.configure do |config| 
    config.storage = :file 
    end 
else 
    CarrierWave.configure do |config| 
    config.storage = :fog 
    config.fog_credentials = { 
     :provider    => 'AWS',  
     :aws_access_key_id  => Rails.application.secrets.aws_access_key_id,  
     :aws_secret_access_key => Rails.application.secrets.aws_secret_access_key, 
     :region     => 'us-east-1' 
    } 
    config.fog_directory = "myapp-#{Rails.env}" 
    end 
end 

if Rails.env.test? 
    CarrierWave.configure do |config| 
    config.enable_processing = false 
    end 

    PictureUploader 

    CarrierWave::Uploader::Base.descendants.each do |klass| 
    next if klass.anonymous? 
    klass.class_eval do 
     def cache_dir 
     "#{Rails.root}/spec/support/uploads/tmp" 
     end 

     def store_dir 
     "#{Rails.root}/spec/support/uploads/#{model.class.to_s.underscore}/#{mounted_as}/#{model.id}" 
     end 
    end 
    end 
end 

這裏是上傳者本身：

# encoding: utf-8 

class PictureUploader < CarrierWave::Uploader::Base 

    # Include RMagick or MiniMagick support: 
    # include CarrierWave::RMagick 
    include CarrierWave::MiniMagick 

    # Choose what kind of storage to use for this uploader: 
    # storage :file 
    # storage :fog 
    # DECLARED IN INITIALIZER 

    # Override the directory where uploaded files will be stored. 
    # This is a sensible default for uploaders that are meant to be mounted: 
    def store_dir 
    "uploads/#{model.class.to_s.underscore}/#{mounted_as}/#{model.id}" 
    end 

    # Provide a default URL as a default if there hasn't been a file uploaded: 
    def default_url 
    # For Rails 3.1+ asset pipeline compatibility: 
    ActionController::Base.helpers.asset_path([version_name || "picture", "placeholder.png"].compact.join('_')) 

    # "/images/fallback/" + [version_name, "default.png"].compact.join('_') 
    end 

    # Process files as they are uploaded: 
    # process :scale => [200, 300] 
    # 
    # def scale(width, height) 
    # # do something 
    # end 

    process resize_to_fit: [500, 500] 

    version :thumbnail do 
    process resize_to_fill: [50, 50] 
    end 

    # Add a white list of extensions which are allowed to be uploaded. 
    # For images you might use something like this: 
    # def extension_white_list 
    # %w(jpg jpeg gif png) 
    # end 

    # Override the filename of the uploaded files: 
    # Avoid using model.id or version_name here, see uploader/store.rb for details. 
    # def filename 
    # "something.jpg" if original_filename 
    # end 

end 

這裏的被告模型：

class Defendant < ActiveRecord::Base 
    include DateHelper 
    paginates_per 10 
    acts_as_paranoid 
    attr_encrypted :ssn, key: 'mykeygoeshere', encode: true 
    normalize_attribute :nickname_or_alias, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :marital_status, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :maiden_name, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :email, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :weight, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :height, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :skin_color, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :eye_color, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :race, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :hair_color, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :scar_or_tattoo, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :spouse_name, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :facebook_url, with: :blank 
    normalize_attribute :ssn, with: :blank 

    attr_accessor :forward_to_bond_creation 

    belongs_to :organization 
    has_many :bonds 
    has_many :court_dates 
    has_many :payments 
    has_one :picture 
    has_many :phones, as: :phoneable 
    has_many :addresses, as: :addressable 

    accepts_nested_attributes_for :picture, reject_if: proc { |attributes| attributes[:image].blank? } 
    accepts_nested_attributes_for :phones, reject_if: proc { |attributes| attributes.except(:phoneable_id).all?(&:blank?) } 
    accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses, reject_if: proc { |attributes| attributes.except(:addressable_id).all?(&:blank?) } 

    validates_presence_of :organization, :name, :birthday, :gender 
    validates_format_of :email, :with => /\A([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})\Z/i, allow_nil: true 
    validates_format_of :ssn, :with => /\A(\d{3}-?\d{2}-?\d{4})\Z/, allow_nil: true 
    validates_format_of :facebook_url, :with => /facebook.com/, allow_nil: true 

    def behind_with_payments? 
    !!(payment_status =~ "behind_with_payments") 
    end 

    def current_with_payments? 
    !!(payment_status =~ "current_with_payments") 
    end 

    def payment_status 
    if bonds.behind_with_payments.any? 
     "behind_with_payments" 
    else 
     "current_with_payments" 
    end 
    end 

    def picture_url 
    if picture 
     picture.image.url 
    else 
     ActionController::Base.helpers.asset_path("picture_placeholder.png") 
    end 
    end 

    def thumbnail_url 
    if picture 
     picture.image.thumbnail.url 
    else 
     ActionController::Base.helpers.asset_path("thumbnail_placeholder.png") 
    end 
    end 

    def as_json options={} 
    options.merge({ id: id, name: name, birthday: format_date(birthday), thumbnail_url: thumbnail_url }) 
    end 
end 

這裏是圖片型號：

class Picture < ActiveRecord::Base 
    acts_as_paranoid 

    belongs_to :defendant 

    mount_uploader :image, PictureUploader 
end 

更新2

我刪除了activerecord-session_store寶石，心想可能成爲問題，因爲那是錯誤發生的地方。我還添加了這條線，該條線可以幫助其他人在類似的情況下（儘管我的最佳直覺，因爲圖像沒有被保存，但我知道它不僅在重定向之前發生了錯誤，而且我試了一下）：

params[:defendant][:picture_attributes][:image].tempfile = nil 

甚至與這兩個補丁，我得到了同樣的錯誤：

2014-11-25T19:49:39.916837+00:00 app[web.1]: TypeError (can't dump File): 
2014-11-25T19:49:39.916842+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/actionpack-4.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:418:in `serialize' 
2014-11-25T19:49:39.916839+00:00 app[web.1]: vendor/bundle/ruby/2.1.0/gems/actionpack-4.1.0/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:418:in `dump' 
... 

Answer 1

也許這將幫助別人......我試着上傳在控制檯的圖像，並實現了我的AWS關鍵是越來越設置爲：

ENV["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"] 

又名我的secrets.yml文件看起來像：

production: 
    secret_key_base: ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] 
    aws_access_key_id: ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'] 
    aws_secret_access_key: ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'] 

因此，所有的錯誤。在我secrets.yml文件改成了：

production: 
    secret_key_base: <%= ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] %> 
    aws_access_key_id: <%= ENV['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'] %> 
    aws_secret_access_key: <%= ENV['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'] %> 

現在我們都好。對不起，夥計們，謝謝！