如何將變量傳遞給模塊？

Question

我想將包含數據（alternatives,agents）和函數的單個文件程序轉換爲帶有數據（和主程序）的兩個文件程序，以及僅包含函數的另一個文件程序。

但是，在將我的單個文件分成兩部分後 - 我必須爲所有函數添加其他參數，因爲我不再有權訪問全局變量alternatives和agents。有沒有辦法將這些變量以某種方式傳遞到第二個文件？或者Haskell中有更好的選擇嗎？

對不起，這篇文章的長度，但我想說明我的問題完整。

初始版本，在一個文件中

import Data.List 
----------- 
-- Setup 
----------- 
alternatives = [1, 2, 3] 
agent_1 x = case x of 
    1 -> 1 
    2 -> 0.6 
    _ -> 0.2 
agent_2 x = case x of 
    1 -> 0.4 
    2 -> 1 
    _ -> 0.3 

agent_3 x = case x of 
    1 -> 0.2 
    2 -> 0.3 
    _ -> 1 

agents = [ agent_1, agent_2, agent_3] 

-- collaboration imperative 
h x = x^2 

----------- 
-- Program 
----------- 

-- Sum of scores by agent 
s_i agent = sum [agent(x) | x <- alternatives] 
-- Sum of all the scores 
s agents = sum [s_i agent | agent <- agents] 

-- Importance of an agent 
im agent = s_i agent/s agents 

-- evaulate agent importances and sort them 
agent_ims agents = sort [im agent | agent <- agents] 

-- agent scores and importances sorted by scores for a particular alternative 'x' 
agent_scores :: Integer -> [(Double, Double)] 
agent_scores x = sortBy (\(s1,im1) (s2,im2) -> compare s1 s2) 
    [(agent x, im agent) | agent <- agents] 

num = length(agents) 
--U for an alternative 'x' and index 'i' 
u x i = sum $ drop (num - i) $ [im | (score, im) <- agent_scores x] 

-- 'w' for an agent given a particular collaboration imperative h 
-- and alternative 'x' 
w i x h = h(u x i) - h(u x (i-1)) 

-- sort according to which agent's score is the greatest for a given -- alternative 
b alt = reverse $ sort [agent alt | agent <- agents] 

-- zip 'b' with an index variable, to pass to the w 
zipped_alt alt = zip [1..] (b alt) 

--group pref function - for an alternative 'x' 
g x = sum $ [ w i x h * score | (i, score) <- zipped_alt x] 

在兩個文件版本

Test.hs：

import GroupPreference 
import Data.List 

----------- 
-- Setup 
----------- 
alternatives = [1, 2, 3] 
agent_1 x = case x of 
    1 -> 1 
    2 -> 0.6 
    _ -> 0.2 
agent_2 x = case x of 
    1 -> 0.4 
    2 -> 1 
    _ -> 0.3 

agent_3 x = case x of 
    1 -> 0.2 
    2 -> 0.3 
    _ -> 1 

agents = [ agent_1, agent_2, agent_3] 

-- collaboration imperative 
h x = x^2 

main :: IO() 
main = putStrLn $ show $ g 2 h agents alternatives 

GroupPreference.hs：

module GroupPreference 
where 

import Data.List 

----------- 
-- Program 
----------- 

-- Sum of scores by agent 
s_i agent alternatives = sum [agent(x) | x <- alternatives] 
-- Sum of all the scores 
s agents alternatives = sum [s_i agent alternatives | agent <- agents] 

-- Importance of an agent 
im agent agents alternatives = s_i agent alternatives/s agents alternatives 

-- agent scores and importances sorted by scores for a particular alternative 'x' 
agent_scores x agents alternatives = sortBy (\(s1,im1) (s2,im2) -> compare s1 s2) 
    [(agent x, im agent agents alternatives) | agent <- agents] 

--U for an alternative 'x' and index 'i' 
u x i agents alternatives = sum $ drop (length(agents) - i) $ [im | (score, im) <- agent_scores x agents alternatives] 

-- 'w' for an agent given a particular collaboration imperative h 
-- and alternative 'x' 
w i x h agents alternatives = h(u x i agents alternatives) - h(u x (i-1) agents alternatives) 

-- sort according to which agent's score is the greatest for a given -- alternative 
b alt agents = reverse $ sort [agent alt | agent <- agents] 

-- zip 'b' with an index variable, to pass to the w 
zipped_alt alt agents = zip [1..] (b alt agents) 

--group pref function - for an alternative 'x' 
g x h agents alternatives = sum $ [ w i x h agents alternatives * score | (i, score) <- zipped_alt x agents] 

Answer 1

我建議你把變量自己的第三個模塊中，從GroupPreference導入，並分離出你main功能到一個新的Main.hs文件（這是把main慣用的地方;當你離開模塊聲明時，它實際上默認爲Main，並且文件通常應該以它們定義的模塊命名）。

另一種替代方法是將所有函數重寫爲使用monad，抽象出參數傳遞 - 這會迫使您重構代碼，並且可能是過度殺傷的，除非您想在運行時更改參數。