將行轉換爲列sql server

Question

我想將行轉換爲列。

Column1 Column2 Column3  Column4 Column5 Column6 Column7 
1  2016-07-25 7   3  c1  c11 c111 
2  2016-07-26 5   2  c2  c22 c222 
3  2016-07-27 1   2  c3  c33 c333 
4  2016-07-28 3   1  c4  c44 c444 

我想輸出如下：

Column1  1   2   3   4 
Column2 2016-07-25 2016-07-26 2016-07-27 2016-07-28 
Column3  7   5   1   3 
Column4  3   2   2   1 
Column5  c1   c2  c3   c4 
Column6  c11   c22  c33   c44 
Column7  c111   c222  c333  c44 

我試着用樞UNPIVOT做到這一點，但沒有找到妥善的解決辦法。 第一個表（輸入）可以有n個行。

Answer 1

您需要使用UNPIVOT，然後是PIVOT，如果列數未知 - 動態SQL：

DECLARE @columns nvarchar(max), 
     @columns_with_convert nvarchar(max), 
     @row_numbers nvarchar(max), 
     @sql nvarchar(max) 

SELECT @columns = STUFF((
SELECT ','+QUOTENAME(name) 
FROM sys.columns 
WHERE [object_id] = OBJECT_ID('##YourTable') 
FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'') 
--Will get you [Column1],[Column2],[Column3],[Column4],[Column5],[Column6],[Column7] 

SELECT @columns_with_convert = (
SELECT 'CAST('+QUOTENAME(name)+' as nvarchar(max)) as '+QUOTENAME(name) +',' 
FROM sys.columns 
WHERE [object_id] = OBJECT_ID('##YourTable') 
FOR XML PATH('')) 
--Will get you CAST([Column1] as nvarchar(max)) as [Column1], ... because all rows must be same datatype. 

SELECT @row_numbers = STUFF((
SELECT ','+ QUOTENAME(CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) as nvarchar(max))) 
FROM ##YourTable 
FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'') 
--This will be used when PIVOTing ([1],[2],[3],[4]) 

SELECT @sql = ' 
SELECT * 
FROM (
    SELECT RN, 
      [Columns], 
      [Values] 
    FROM (
     SELECT '+@columns_with_convert+' 
       ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) as RN 
     FROM ##YourTable 
     ) as p 
    UNPIVOT (
     [Values] FOR [Columns] IN ('+@columns+') 
    ) as unpvt 
) as s 
PIVOT (
    MAX([Values]) FOR RN IN ('+@row_numbers+') 
) as pvt 
' 

EXEC sp_executesql @sql 

輸出：

Columns 1   2   3   4 
Column1 1   2   3   4 
Column2 2016-07-25 2016-07-26 2016-07-27 2016-07-28 
Column3 7   5   1   3 
Column4 3   2   2   1 
Column5 c1   c2   c3   c4 
Column6 c11   c22   c33   c44 
Column7 c111  c222  c333  c444 

如果PRINT @sql你會得到查詢的文本：當你寫「我要輸出......」

SELECT * 
FROM (
    SELECT RN, 
      [Columns], 
      [Values] 
    FROM (
     SELECT CAST([Column1] as nvarchar(max)) as [Column1],CAST([Column2] as nvarchar(max)) as [Column2],CAST([Column3] as nvarchar(max)) as [Column3],CAST([Column4] as nvarchar(max)) as [Column4],CAST([Column5] as nvarchar(max)) as [Column5],CAST([Column6] as nvarchar(max)) as [Column6],CAST([Column7] as nvarchar(max)) as [Column7], 
       ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) as RN 
     FROM ##YourTable 
     ) as p 
    UNPIVOT (
     [Values] FOR [Columns] IN ([Column1],[Column2],[Column3],[Column4],[Column5],[Column6],[Column7]) 
    ) as unpvt 
) as s 
PIVOT (
    MAX([Values]) FOR RN IN ([1],[2],[3],[4]) 
) as pvt 

Answer 2

我試圖用pivot unpivot來做，但沒有找到合適的解決方案。 第一個表（輸入）可以有n個行。

它沒有工作的原因是因爲PIVOT不適用於動態行數。這意味着語法只能將固定數量的行轉置爲列，並且您需要在查詢中指定該行。它不能根據行中的值動態自動生成列。

編輯：

一個解決方案，我發現了動態樞軸（從谷歌搜索第一個結果）：https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/2783/script-to-create-dynamic-pivot-queries-in-sql-server/

它需要動態SQL（沒有其他選項）

Answer 3

DECLARE @TABLE TABLE 
    (RowNo INT,Col1 VARCHAR(10),Col2 VARCHAR(10) 
    ,Col3 VARCHAR(10))  
INSERT INTO @TABLE VALUES 
    (1,'A','B','C') 
SELECT Kishore from @Table 
Unpivot(Kishore For Value IN (Col1,Col2,Col3)) AS H