如何使用Python創建文件路徑的zip文件，包括空目錄？

Question

我一直試圖使用zipfile和shutil.make_archive模塊遞歸創建一個目錄的zip文件。兩個模塊都很好用 - 除了空目錄不會被添加到存檔中。包含其他空目錄的空目錄也會被無提示地跳過。

我可以使用7Zip創建相同路徑的存檔並保留空目錄。因此我知道這在文件格式本身內是可能的。我只是不知道如何在Python中做到這一點。有任何想法嗎？謝謝！

Answer 1

有使用壓縮文件一個例子：

import os, zipfile 
from os.path import join 
def zipfolder(foldername, filename, includeEmptyDIr=True): 
    empty_dirs = [] 
    zip = zipfile.ZipFile(filename, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) 
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(foldername): 
     empty_dirs.extend([dir for dir in dirs if os.listdir(join(root, dir)) == []]) 
     for name in files: 
      zip.write(join(root ,name)) 
     if includeEmptyDIr: 
      for dir in empty_dirs: 
       zif = zipfile.ZipInfo(join(root, dir) + "/") 
       zip.writestr(zif, "") 
     empty_dirs = [] 
    zip.close() 

if __name__ == "__main__": 
    zipfolder('test1/noname/', 'zip.zip') 

Answer 2

您需要register a new archive format才能這樣做，因爲默認的ZIP歸檔程序不支持該功能。看看the meat of the existing ZIP archiver。使用您當前未使用的變量dirpath創建目錄的歸檔程序。我找了如何創建一個空的目錄，發現this：

zip.writestr(zipfile.ZipInfo('empty/'), '') 

有了這一點，你應該能夠編寫必要的代碼，使其歸檔空目錄。

Answer 3

這是從Adding folders to a zip file using python解除，但唯一的功能，我已經試過的作品。列出的答案在Python 2.7.3下不起作用（不復制空目錄，效率低下）。被嘗試和測試了以下：

#!/usr/bin/python 
import os 
import zipfile 

def zipdir(dirPath=None, zipFilePath=None, includeDirInZip=True): 

    if not zipFilePath: 
     zipFilePath = dirPath + ".zip" 
    if not os.path.isdir(dirPath): 
     raise OSError("dirPath argument must point to a directory. " 
     "'%s' does not." % dirPath) 
    parentDir, dirToZip = os.path.split(dirPath) 
    #Little nested function to prepare the proper archive path 
    def trimPath(path): 
     archivePath = path.replace(parentDir, "", 1) 
     if parentDir: 
      archivePath = archivePath.replace(os.path.sep, "", 1) 
     if not includeDirInZip: 
      archivePath = archivePath.replace(dirToZip + os.path.sep, "", 1) 
     return os.path.normcase(archivePath) 

    outFile = zipfile.ZipFile(zipFilePath, "w", 
     compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) 
    for (archiveDirPath, dirNames, fileNames) in os.walk(dirPath): 
     for fileName in fileNames: 
      filePath = os.path.join(archiveDirPath, fileName) 
      outFile.write(filePath, trimPath(filePath)) 
     #Make sure we get empty directories as well 
     if not fileNames and not dirNames: 
      zipInfo = zipfile.ZipInfo(trimPath(archiveDirPath) + "/") 
      #some web sites suggest doing 
      #zipInfo.external_attr = 16 
      #or 
      #zipInfo.external_attr = 48 
      #Here to allow for inserting an empty directory. Still TBD/TODO. 
      outFile.writestr(zipInfo, "") 
    outFile.close()