2016-10-04 105 views
1

我需要一些幫助來繪製置信區間的預測圖。請看下面的例子當繪製線性模型預測的95%置信區間時出現不良情節

library(Hmisc) 
data("mtcars") 

mfit = lm(mpg ~ vs + disp + cyl, data = mtcars) 

#disp and cyl at their mean 
newcar = data.frame(vs = c(0,1), disp = 230, cyl = 6.188) 

pmodel <- predict(mfit, newcar, se.fit=TRUE) 

我想繪製的vs效果(當0和1)當所有其他變量保持不變(平均/模式)。

要做到這一點我運行下面這段代碼:

plot(1:2, pmodel$fit[1:2], ylim=c(0,1), pch=19, xlim=c(.5,2.5), xlab="X", 
    ylab = "Predicted values", xaxt = "n", main = "Figure1") 
arrows(1:2, (pmodel$fit[1:2] - 1.96 * pmodel$fit[1:2]), 
     1:2, (pmodel$fit[1,1] + 1.96 * pmodel$fit[1:2]), 
     length=0.05, angle=90, code=3) 
axis(1, at=c(1,2), labels=c("0","1")) 

我在做什麼錯在這裏?謝謝!

+0

你也可以使用專門做的正是這種功能,像visreg包:'庫(visreg); visreg(mfit,xvar =「vs」)' – agenis

回答

1

請注意,您有ylim = c(0, 1),這是不正確的。在繪製置信區間時,我們必須確保ylim覆蓋CI的下限和上限。您的代碼

## lower and upper bound of CI 
lower <- with(pmodel, fit - 1.96 * se.fit) 
upper <- with(pmodel, fit + 1.96 * se.fit) 

## x-location to plot 
xx <- 0:1 

## set `xlim` and `ylim` 
xlim <- range(xx) + c(-0.5, 0.5) ## extends an addition 0.5 on both sides 
ylim <- range(c(lower, upper)) 

## produce figure 
plot(xx, pmodel$fit, pch = 19, xlim = xlim, ylim = ylim, xaxt = "n", 
    xlab = "X", ylab = "Predicted values", main = "Figure1") 
arrows(xx, lower, xx, upper, length = 0.05, angle = 90, code = 3) 
axis(1, at = xx) 

enter image description here

其他幾個意見:

  • fit - 1.96 * se.fit沒有fit - 1.96 * fit;
  • 您可以直接在x位置0:1上繪圖,而不是1:2;
  • 它是fit[1:2]而不是fit[1,1]
1

在ggplot:

df <- data.frame(x=1:2, pred=pmodel$fit[1:2]) 
df$lower <- df$pred - 1.96 * pmodel$se.fit[1:2] 
df$upper <- df$pred + 1.96 * pmodel$se.fit[1:2] 
ggplot(df, aes(x, pred, group=x, col=as.factor(x))) + geom_point(size=2) + 
    geom_errorbar(aes(ymin=lower, ymax=upper), width=0.1) 

enter image description here