在ruby中執行多重測試最常用的方法是什麼？

Question

我有以下邏輯：

some_array.each do |element| 
    if element[:apples] == another_hash[:apples] && 
    element[:oranges] == another_hash[:oranges] && 
    element[:pineapple] == another_hash[:pineapple] 
     match = element 
    break 
    end 
end 

我通過關鍵值對的列表進行迭代。如果我可以匹配所需的鍵（3或5），那麼我將元素扔在var中供以後使用。如果我找到一場比賽，我會跳出循環。

我正在尋找最合適的方式來優化這個條件。先謝謝你。

Answer 1

如何：

match = some_array.find do |element| 
    [:apples, :oranges, :pinapple].all? {|key| element[key] == another_hash[key]} 
end 

如果要選擇具有從5個按鍵給那麼至少3個相同的密鑰的任何元素：

match = some_array.find do |element| 
    element.keys.select {|key| element[key| == another_hash[key]}.size > 2 
end 

Answer 2

更可讀的版本我能想到的是slice：

keys = [:apples, :oranges, :pinapple] 
match = some_array.find {|e| e.slice(*keys) == another_hash.slice(*keys)} 

UPDATE

Slice不是純粹的Hash ruby​​方法，它包含在Rails的ActiveSupport庫中。

如果你不想使用Rails，你可以加載Active Support。

將active_support添加到您的Gemfile和require "active_support/core_ext/hash/slice"。

或者您可以將slice.rb的內容粘貼到您的應用程序的某處。該URL可以被發現here。

Answer 3

這就是我該怎麼做的。

代碼

def fruit_match(some_array, another_hash, fruit) 
    other_vals = another_hash.values_at(*fruit) 
    return nil if other_vals.include?(nil) 
    some_array.find { |h| h.values_at(*fruit) == other_vals } 
end 

例子

some_array = [ { apple: 1, orange: 2, pineapple: 3, plum: 4 }, 
       { apple: 1, cherry: 7, pineapple: 6, plum: 2 }, 
       { apple: 6, cherry: 2, pineapple: 8, fig: 3 } ] 

another_hash = { apple: 6, cherry: 4, pineapple: 8, quamquat: 5 } 

fruit = [:apple, :pineapple] 
fruit_match(some_array, another_hash, fruit) 
    #=> { :apple=>6, :cherry=>2, :pineapple=>8, :fig=>3 } 

fruit = [:apple, :plum] 
fruit_match(some_array, another_hash, fruit) 
    #=> nil 

[編輯：，直到我看到@ 7stud的回答我沒有注意到的 「3-5」 的比賽。要求匹配的數量落入給定範圍內是一個有趣的變化。以下是我將如何解決這一要求。

代碼

def fruit_match(some_array, another_hash, fruit, limits) 
    other_vals = another_hash.values_at(*fruit) 
    some_array.select { |h| limits.cover?(h.values_at(*fruit) 
           .zip(other_vals) 
           .count {|e,o| e==o && e}) } 
end 

例

some_array = [ { apple: 1, orange: 2, pineapple: 1, cherry: 1 }, 
       { apple: 2, cherry: 7, pineapple: 6, plum: 2 }, 
       { apple: 6, cherry: 1, pineapple: 8, fig: 3 }, 
       { apple: 1, banana: 2, pineapple: 1, fig: 3 } ] 

another_hash = { apple: 1, cherry: 1, pineapple: 1, quamquat: 1 } 
fruit = [:apple, :pineapple, :cherry] 
limits = (1..2) 

fruit_match(some_array, another_hash, fruit, limits) 
    #=> [{:apple=>6, :cherry=>1, :pineapple=>8, :fig=>3}, 
    # {:apple=>1, :banana=>2, :pineapple=>1, :fig=>3}] 

潮]

Answer 4

如果我能匹配所需鍵（3/5）

我不認爲任何發佈的答案能解決這個問題。

target_keys = %i[ 
    apples 
    oranges 
    pineapples 
    strawberries 
    bananas 
] 

data = [ 
    {beer: 0, apples: 1, oranges: 2, pineapples: 3, strawberries: 4, bananas: 5}, 
    {beer: 1, apples: 6, oranges: 7, pineapples: 8, strawberries: 9, bananas: 10}, 
    {beer: 2, apples: 6, oranges: 2, pineapples: 3, strawberries: 9, bananas: 10}, 
] 

match_hash = { 
    apples: 6, oranges: 2, pineapples: 3, strawberries: 9, bananas: 10 
} 

required_matches = 3 
required_values = match_hash.values_at(*target_keys).to_enum 
found_match = nil 

catch :done do 

    data.each do |hash| 
    found_values = hash.values_at(*target_keys).to_enum 
    match_count = 0 

    loop do 
     match_count += 1 if found_values.next == required_values.next 

     if match_count == required_matches 
     found_match = hash 
     throw :done 
     end 
    end 

    required_values.rewind 
    end 

end 

p found_match 

--output:-- 
{:beer=>1, :apples=>6, :oranges=>7, :pineapple=>8, :strawberry=>9, :banana=>10