保持陣列不在RAM中

我正在和一些朋友學習（並試圖教授）電子/編程。我們已決定使用啓動板來完成我們的任務。保持陣列不在RAM中

下面是我們碰到的問題：

對於我們的動畫，我們把它們存儲在一個二維數組。如果我們將數組定義爲常量，我們會得到錯誤

我不希望這個數組在RAM中，因爲我們沒有太多的可用。

編輯：請參見下面代碼

我希望這是張貼在正確的位置。
在沒有時間的情況下（我想？）我是否會改變任何數組，他們都是手動設置一次，然後循環。我不能確定什麼是試圖但是如果需要轉換

信息（隱含）：

MSP430G2553 的16kB閃存 0.5KB RAM

感謝您的幫助

UPDATE： HansPassant告訴我爲什麼這個錯誤出現了。但我仍然得到一個內存溢出（顯然它沒有被存儲在閃存中？）

我試過的另一件事是，而不是#define RON（行ON）我也聲明它爲const。（所以當創建一個動畫數組時，它只是用常量顯式創建的）我曾希望將它存儲在閃存中。

這裏，如果需要的代碼全部：

#define povDelay delayMicroseconds(200) // POV Delay 

const int CON = LOW; 
const int COFF = HIGH; 
const int RON = HIGH; 
const int ROFF = LOW; 

const int col[9] = {P1_0, P1_1, P1_2, P1_3, P1_4, P1_5, P2_0, P2_1, P2_2}; 
const int row[3] = {P1_6, P1_7, P2_3}; 

void setup() 
{ 
// Serial.begin(9600); 
    for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) 
    { 
    pinMode(col[i], OUTPUT); 
    digitalWrite(col[i], COFF); 
    } 
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
    { 
    pinMode(row[i], OUTPUT); 
    digitalWrite(row[i], ROFF); 
    } 
} 

void sideToSide(int delayTime) 
{ 
    int sideDelay = 1000; 
    // Left Frame 
    const int leftFrame[3][9] = { 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    // Middle Frame 
    const int middleFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF} 
    }; 
    // Right Frame 
    const int rightFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON} 
    }; 




    // Display this animation 3 times (Frame 1, Frame 2, Frame 3, Frame 2) 
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) 
    { 
    displayFrame(leftFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(middleFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(rightFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(middleFrame, delayTime); 
    } 
    // Last animation 
    displayFrame(leftFrame, delayTime); 



} // ############ END SIDE TO SIDE 

void frontToBack(int delayTime) 
{ 
    // Left Frame 
    const int frontFrame[3][9] = { 
    {CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    // Middle Frame 
    const int middleFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    // Right Frame 
    const int backFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON} 
    }; 




    // Display this animation 3 times (Frame 1, Frame 2, Frame 3, Frame 2) 
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) 
    { 
    displayFrame(frontFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(middleFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(backFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(middleFrame, delayTime); 
    } 
    // Last animation 
    displayFrame(frontFrame, delayTime); 


} // ############# END FRONT TO BACK 


void diagFunctionOne(int delayTime) 
{ 
    const int firstFrame[3][9] = { 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int secondFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int thirdFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int forthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int fifthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON} 
    }; 
    // Start from 7 
    const int sixthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int seventhFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int eighthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON} 
    }; 
    const int ninthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int tenthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) 
    { 
    displayFrame(firstFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(secondFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(thirdFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(forthFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(fifthFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(sixthFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(seventhFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(eighthFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(ninthFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(tenthFrame, delayTime); 
    } 
} 



/* 

##################################################### 
##################################################### 
##################################################### 
###################################################### 
####################################################### 


*/ 






// Takes a frame and displays it for the length of animation delay (in ms) 
void displayFrame(const int frame[3][9], int animationDelay) 
{ 
// Serial.println("displayFrame called"); 
unsigned long currentTime = millis(); 

while (1) // Do this continually until animationDelay is met 
{ 
int i, j; 
// Rows 
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
{ 
    // Turn correct ROW on 
    digitalWrite(row[i], RON); 

    // Columns 
    for (j = 0; j < 9; j++) 
    { 
    // Turn correct COLUMNS on 
    digitalWrite(col[j], frame[i][j]); 

    } // End J loop 

    povDelay; 
    digitalWrite(row[i], ROFF); 

} // End I Loop 

if ((millis() - currentTime) >= animationDelay) 
{ 
    delay(10); 
    // Cleanup, Turn all OFF 
    for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) 
    { 
     digitalWrite(col[i], COFF); 
    } 
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
    { 
     digitalWrite(row[i], ROFF); 
    } 

    delay(10); // timefix? 

    return; 

} // End time test if statement 

} 


} 


void loop() 
{ 
    diag(350); 
    sideToSide(350); 
    frontToBack(350); 


// for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) 
// { 
// digitalWrite(col[i], CON); 
// } 
// for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
// { 
// digitalWrite(row[i], RON); 
// delay(250); 
// digitalWrite(row[i], ROFF); 
// } 

}

而存在的錯誤：LD返回1種退出狀態：由142個字節溢出`RAM」 collect2

c:/users/dan/appdata/local/energi~1/hardware/tools/msp430/bin/../lib/gcc/msp430/4.6.3/../../../../msp430/bin/ld.exe:

區域

來源

2013-03-23 Dan

只需聲明參數const即可。 – 2013-03-23 02:51:35

@HansPassant哦，哇，我是個白癡。謝謝漢斯！ – Dan 2013-03-23 02:56:58

所有這些看起來都像是C代碼，並且你將它標記爲C，但是你的文件名是'.cpp'。那是怎麼回事？ – 2013-03-23 02:59:03

不知道這會有所幫助，但是，你可以指定要使用的內存區域，請參閱docs。

除此之外，你用一個整數浪費了很多空間。減少內存的更簡單的方法：在聲明typedef unsigned char BYTE後更改const int frontFrame[3][9]至const BYTE frontFrame[3][9]。

您可以騰出更多，如果你使用的比特來表示位：

#define ON(b) (1 << b) 

const int frontFrame[3] = { 
    {ON(8) | ON(7) | ON(6)}, 
    {ON(8) | ON(7) | ON(6)}, 
    {ON(8) | ON(7) | ON(6)} 
};

，你會使用

for (int r = 0; r < ROWS_NUM; ++r) 
    for (int c = 0; c < COLS_NUM; ++c) 
    if (frame[r] & ON(c)) { ... }

測試了一下（在displayFrame）我也想嘗試在前面加static的數據聲明，但很可能這不會影響內存佈局。

來源

2013-03-23 07:06:16 CapelliC

我喜歡你對空間限制的建議。但是，更多的是靜態將它們保存爲閃存，而不是將它們保存在內存中。非常感謝CapelliC！我們非常感謝！ – Dan 2013-03-23 07:14:59

保持陣列不在RAM中

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