未定義refrence類卡

Question

我試圖編譯我的項目，但是編譯器正顯示出每一個有到卡FigureCard類呼叫時出現以下錯誤：

bin/FigureCard.o: In function `FigureCard::FigureCard()': 
/users/studs/bsc/2016/dalitroz/workspace/ass1/src/FigureCard.cpp:5: undefined reference to `Card::Card()' 
bin/FigureCard.o: In function `FigureCard::FigureCard(Figure, Shape)': 
/users/studs/bsc/2016/dalitroz/workspace/ass1/src/FigureCard.cpp:6: undefined reference to `Card::Card(Shape)' 
bin/FigureCard.o: In function `FigureCard::~FigureCard()': 
/users/studs/bsc/2016/dalitroz/workspace/ass1/src/FigureCard.cpp:10: undefined reference to `Card::~Card()' 
bin/FigureCard.o: In function `FigureCard::toString[abi:cxx11]()': 
/users/studs/bsc/2016/dalitroz/workspace/ass1/src/FigureCard.cpp:26: undefined reference to `Card::getCapitalShape[abi:cxx11]()' 
/users/studs/bsc/2016/dalitroz/workspace/ass1/src/FigureCard.cpp:28: undefined reference to `Card::getCapitalShape[abi:cxx11]()' 
/users/studs/bsc/2016/dalitroz/workspace/ass1/src/FigureCard.cpp:30: undefined reference to `Card::getCapitalShape[abi:cxx11]()' 
/users/studs/bsc/2016/dalitroz/workspace/ass1/src/FigureCard.cpp:31: undefined reference to `Card::getCapitalShape[abi:cxx11]()' 
bin/FigureCard.o:(.rodata._ZTV10FigureCard[_ZTV10FigureCard]+0x28): undefined reference to `Card::getShape()' 
bin/FigureCard.o:(.rodata._ZTI10FigureCard[_ZTI10FigureCard]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for Card' 

這是我的makefile：

CC = g++ 
CFLAGS = -g -Wall -Weffc++ -std=c++11 
LFLAGS = -L/usr/lib 

# All Targets 
all: reviiyot 

# Tool invocations 
# Executable "reviiyot" depends on the files reviiyot.o and run.o. 
reviiyot: bin/reviiyot.o bin/Card.o bin/Hand.o bin/Deck.o bin/Player.o bin/NumericCard.o bin/FigureCard.o 

    @echo 'Building target: reviiyot' 
    @echo 'Invoking: C++ Linker' 
    $(CC) -o bin/Card.o bin/Hand.o bin/Deck.o bin/Player.o bin/reviiyot.o bin/NumericCard.o bin/FigureCard.o $(LFLAGS) 
    @echo 'Finished building target: reviiyot' 
    @echo ' ' 

# Depends on the source and header files 
bin/reviiyot.o: src/reviiyot.cpp 
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -Iinclude -o bin/reviiyot.o src/reviiyot.cpp 

bin/Card.o: src/Card.cpp 
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -Iinclude -o bin/Card.o src/Card.cpp 

bin/NumericCard.o: src/NumericCard.cpp 
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -Iinclude -o bin/NumericCard.o src/NumericCard.cpp 

bin/FigureCard.o: src/FigureCard.cpp 
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -Iinclude -o bin/FigureCard.o src/FigureCard.cpp 

bin/Hand.o: src/Hand.cpp 
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -Iinclude -o bin/Hand.o src/Hand.cpp 

bin/Deck.o: src/Deck.cpp 
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -Iinclude -o bin/Deck.o src/Deck.cpp 

bin/Player.o: src/Player.cpp 
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -Iinclude -o bin/Player.o src/Player.cpp 



#Clean the build directory 
clean: 
    rm -f bin/* 

這是爲H文件（Card.h）：

#ifndef CARD_H_ 
#define CARD_H_ 

#include <iostream> 
#include <sstream> 
#include <string> 
using namespace std; 

enum Shape { 
    Club, 
    Diamond, 
    Heart, 
    Spade 
}; 

enum Figure { 
    Jack, 
    Queen, 
    King, 
    Ace 
}; 

class Card { 
private: 
    Shape shape; 
public: 
    Card(); 
    Card(Shape myShape); 
    virtual string toString() = 0; //Returns the string representation of the card "<value><shape>" exp: "12S" or "QD" 
    virtual ~Card(); 
    virtual Shape getShape(); 
    virtual int getType(int n) const =0; 
    string getCapitalShape(); 

}; 

class FigureCard : public Card { 
private: 
    Figure figure; 
public: 
    FigureCard(); 
    FigureCard(Figure myFigure, Shape myShape); 
    virtual ~FigureCard(); 
    string toString() override; 
    Figure getFigure() const ; 
    int getType(int n)const override; 
}; 


#endif 

Class.cpp：

#include "../include/Card.h" 



using namespace std; 

Card::Card(): shape(Club){ 

} 
Card::Card(Shape myShape) : shape(myShape){ 
} 

//////check 
Card:: ~Card(){} 

Shape Card::getShape() 
{ 
    return shape; 
} 
//////check 
string Card:: getCapitalShape(){ 
    if(shape== Club) 
      return "C"; 
     else if (shape == Diamond) 
      return "D"; 
      else if (shape == Heart) 
       return "H"; 
       else return "S"; 
} 
string Card::toString() { 
    return getCapitalShape(); 

} 

和FigureCard：

#include "../include/Card.h" 


FigureCard::FigureCard(): Card(), figure(Jack){} 
FigureCard::FigureCard(Figure myFigure, Shape myShape) : Card(myShape), figure(myFigure) { 

} 

FigureCard:: ~FigureCard() 
{} 

Figure FigureCard::getFigure() const 
{ 
    return figure; 
} 

int FigureCard::getType(int n) const 
{ 
    return figure+1+n; 
} 


string FigureCard ::toString() { 
     if(figure== Jack) 
      return "J"+Card::getCapitalShape(); 
     else if (figure == Queen) 
      return "Q"+Card::getCapitalShape(); 
      else if (figure == King) 
       return "K"+Card::getCapitalShape(); 
       else return "A"+Card::getCapitalShape(); 
    } 

很想幫助，謝謝:)

Answer 1

要鏈接到bin/Hand.o bin/Deck.o bin/Player.o bin/reviiyot.o bin/NumericCard.o bin/FigureCard.obin/Card.o

變化：

$(CC) -o bin/Card.o bin/Hand.o bin/Deck.o bin/Player.o bin/reviiyot.o bin/NumericCard.o bin/FigureCard.o $(LFLAGS) 

至

$(CC) -o reviiyot bin/Card.o bin/Hand.o bin/Deck.o bin/Player.o bin/reviiyot.o bin/NumericCard.o bin/FigureCard.o $(LFLAGS)