Rspec控制器測試失敗發佈＃與關聯創建

Question

我有一個屬於用戶的客戶模型，並且我的控制器測試用於創建成功。但是我有一個屬於用戶和計劃的訂閱模型，並且它失敗了（我使用rails 5.1.2）。

這裏是我的規格：

#rspec/controllers/checkout/subscriptions_controller_spec.rb 

require 'rails_helper' 

RSpec.describe Checkout::SubscriptionsController, type: :controller do 
    describe 'POST #create' do 
    let!(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) } 

    before do 
     sign_in user 
    end 

    context 'with valid attributes' do 
     it 'creates a new subscription' do 
     expect { post :create, params: { subscription: FactoryGirl.attributes_for(:subscription) } }.to change(Subscription, :count).by(1) 
     end 
    end 
    end 
end 

認購控制器：

# app/controllers/checkout/subscriptions_controller.rb 

module Checkout 
    class SubscriptionsController < Checkout::CheckoutController 
    before_action :set_subscription, only: %i[edit update destroy] 
    before_action :set_options 

    def create 
     @subscription = Subscription.new(subscription_params) 
     @subscription.user_id = current_user.id 

     if @subscription.valid? 
     respond_to do |format| 
      if @subscription.save 
      # some code, excluded for brevity 
      end 
     end 
     else 
     respond_to do |format| 
      format.html { render :new } 
      format.json { render json: @subscription.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity } 
     end 
     end 
    end 

    private 

    def set_subscription 
     @subscription = Subscription.find(params[:id]) 
    end 

    def set_options 
     @categories = Category.where(active: true) 
     @plans = Plan.where(active: true) 
    end 

    def subscription_params 
     params.require(:subscription).permit(:user_id, :plan_id, :first_name, :last_name, :address, :address_2, :city, :state, :postal_code, :email, :price) 
    end 
    end 
end 

訂閱模式 -

# app/models/subscription.rb 

class Subscription < ApplicationRecord 
    belongs_to :user 
    belongs_to :plan 
    has_many :shipments 

    validates :first_name, :last_name, :address, :city, :state, :postal_code, :plan_id, presence: true 

    before_create :set_price 
    before_update :set_price 
    before_create :set_dates 
    before_update :set_dates 

    def set_dates 
    # some code, excluded for brevity 
    end 

    def set_price 
    # some code, excluded for brevity 
    end 
end 

我還使用了一些FactoryGirl工廠爲我的模型。

# spec/factories/subscriptions.rb 

    FactoryGirl.define do 
    factory :subscription do 
     first_name Faker::Name.first_name 
     last_name Faker::Name.last_name 
     address Faker::Address.street_address 
     city Faker::Address.city 
     state Faker::Address.state_abbr 
     postal_code Faker::Address.zip 
     plan 
     user 
    end 
    end 

# spec/factories/plans.rb 

FactoryGirl.define do 
    factory :plan do 
    name 'Nine Month Plan' 
    description 'Nine Month Plan description' 
    price 225.00 
    active true 
    starts_on Date.new(2017, 9, 1) 
    expires_on Date.new(2018, 5, 15) 
    monthly_duration 9 
    prep_days_required 5 
    category 
    end 
end 

# spec/factories/user.rb 

FactoryGirl.define do 
    factory :user do 
    name Faker::Name.name 
    email Faker::Internet.email 
    password 'Abcdef10' 
    end 
end 

當我看看日誌，我注意到，用戶和計劃運行的規範和創建訂閱，它必須是爲什麼它的失敗時不被填充，由於需要規劃。但我無法弄清楚如何解決這個問題。有任何想法嗎？提前致謝。

Answer 1

的問題是，你的模型定義，您只能創建一個關聯到Subscription現有Plan：

class Subscription < ApplicationRecord 
    belongs_to :plan 

    validates :plan_id, presence: true 
end 

您既可以由設置斷點在rspec測試已經調試這個問題並檢查response.body;或者類似地通過在SubscriptionsController#create中設置斷點並檢查@subscription.errors。無論如何，你應該看到plan_id不存在的錯誤（所以@subscription沒有保存）。

---

該問題源於FactoryGirl#attributes_for does not include associated model IDs這一事實。 （這個問題實際上beenraisedmanytimes擁有該項目，並詳細討論）

您可以只是明確地傳遞一個plan_id在測試的請求負載，使之通過：

it 'creates a new subscription' do 
    expect do 
    post(
     :create, 
     params: { 
     subscription: FactoryGirl.attributes_for(:subscription).merge(post_id: 123) 
     } 
    end.to change(Subscription, :count).by(1) 
end 

但是，這種解決方案有點艱鉅且容易出錯。一個更通用的替代方案，我建議是定義以下規格的輔助方法：

def build_attributes(*args) 
    FactoryGirl.build(*args).attributes.delete_if do |k, v| 
    ["id", "created_at", "updated_at"].include?(k) 
    end 
end 

這利用的事實，build(:subscription).attributes確實包括外鍵，因爲它引用的關聯。

然後，您可以編寫測試如下：

it 'creates a new subscription' do 
    expect do 
    post(
     :create, 
     params: { 
     subscription: build_attributes(:subscription) 
     } 
    ) 
    end.to change(Subscription, :count).by(1) 
end 

---

此外，該試驗仍有小幅不現實的，因爲Post沒有在數據庫中實際存在的！現在，這可能會很好。但是在將來，您可能會發現SubscriptionController#create操作實際上需要查找關聯的Post作爲邏輯的一部分。

在這種情況下，你需要明確創建在測試中Post：

let!(:post) { create :post } 
let(:subscription) { build :subscription, post: post } 

...，然後發送subscription.attributes到控制器。